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2 years ago

Which is a characteristic of a mixture?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Fudgin [204]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

A mixture is the blending of two or more dissimilar substances. A major characteristic of mixtures is that the materials do not chemically combine. Mixtures can be divided into those that are evenly distributed (homogeneous) and those that aren't (heterogeneous).

Explanation:

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4. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the gain or loss of electrons.

Andreyy89

$\mathbb\color{cyan}{\tiny A\scriptsize N\small S\large W\Large E\huge R}$

Oxidation is loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.
Reduction is gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain or hydrogen.

3 0

2 years ago

What is true about the speed of molecules in a sample of gas held at a constant temperature?

vovikov84 [41]

At the constant temperatures the lighter the gas molecules, the faster the average velocity of the gas molecules.

3 0

2 years ago

In your discussion consider a SN2 reaction mechanism concept. Propose a modification of experimental procedure that would improv

Hitman42 [59]

Answer:

Here's what I get

Explanation:

You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.

A. Mechanism

Step 1

NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.

Step 2

The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.

B. Improve the yield

You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.

You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.

A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.

C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols

Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.

This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.

Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.

Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.

A molecule of water then removes the proton.

6 0

2 years ago

Van dar waals are the dominant molecular force in the sodium chloride.

Vedmedyk [2.9K]

Answer:

Recall the two conceptual steps necessary to dissolve a solute and form a solution

Key Points

There are two conceptual steps to form a solution, each corresponding to one of the two opposing forces that dictate solubility.

The first conceptual step is dissolution, which corresponds to the force of the solvent-solvent and solute-solute intermolecular attractions that needs to be broken down.

The second conceptual step is solvation, which corresponds to the force of the solute-solvent intermolecular attraction that needs to be formed in order to form a solution.

Many intermolecular forces can contribute to solvation, including hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, Van Der Waals forces, and ion-dipole interactions.

Term

intermolecular forcesattractive and repulsive forces between molecules

The strength of the intermolecular forces between solutes and solvents determines the solubility of a given solute in a given solvent. In order to form a solution, the solute must be surrounded, or solvated, by the solvent. Solutes successfully dissolve into solvents when solute-solvent bonds are stronger than either solute-solute bonds or solvent-solvent bonds.

Qualitatively, one can determine the solubility of a solute in a solvent by using the rule “like dissolves like”. In general, solutes whose polarity matches that of the solvent will generally be soluble. For example, table salt (NaCl) dissolves easily into water (H2O) because both molecules are polar.

Intermolecular Forces and Their Importance in Solution Formation

There are two conceptual steps to form a solution, each corresponding to one of the two opposing forces that dictate solubility. If the solute is a solid or liquid, it must first be dispersed — that is, its molecular units must be pulled apart. This requires energy, and so this step always works against solution formation (always endothermic, or requires that energy be put into the system).

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7 0

3 years ago

Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 5.0 grams of KCl and 550.0 grams of water. The molal-freezing-point-depres

yulyashka [42]

Answer: The freezing point of solution is -0.454°C

Explanation:

Depression in freezing point is defined as the difference in the freezing point of pure solution and freezing point of solution.

The equation used to calculate depression in freezing point follows:

$\Delta T_f=\text{Freezing point of pure solution}-\text{Freezing point of solution}$

To calculate the depression in freezing point, we use the equation:

$\Delta T_f=iK_fm$

Or,

$\text{Freezing point of pure solution}-\text{Freezing point of solution}=i\times K_f\times \frac{m_{solute}\times 1000}{M_{solute}\times W_{solvent}\text{ (in grams)}}$

where,

Freezing point of pure solution = 0°C

i = Vant hoff factor = 2

$K_f$ = molal freezing point elevation constant = 1.86°C/m

$m_{solute}$ = Given mass of solute (KCl) = 5.0 g

$M_{solute}$ = Molar mass of solute (KCl) = 74.55 g/mol

$W_{solvent}$ = Mass of solvent (water) = 550.0 g

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$0-\text{Freezing point of solution}=2\times 1.86^oC/m\times \frac{5\times 1000}{74.55g/mol\times 550}\\\\\text{Freezing point of solution}=-0.454^oC$

Hence, the freezing point of solution is -0.454°C

3 0

2 years ago