Here’s a simplified explanation.
The <em>protons</em> in the nucleus <em>repel each other</em>. The <em>neutrons provide the “glue”</em> that holds the nucleus together and prevents it from flying apart.
The “glue” is the strong nuclear force. It is strong but extremely short range. It falls off extremely rapidly as the p-n distance increases.
A <em>neon atom</em> has 10 protons. There are three stable isotopes, with 10, 11, and 12 neutrons.
With fewer than 10 protons, the glue is not strong enough to hold the nucleus together.
If there are more than 12 neutrons, the average p-n distance is great enough that the glue has again become too weak.
<em>Gold</em> has one stable isotope. It contains 79 protons and 118 neutrons.
If there are fewer than 118 neutrons, the proton repulsions will be too strong for the strong force. If there are more than 118 neutrons, the average p-n distance will be large enough that the glue will again be too weak to hold the nucleus toge
ther.
Answer:
The temperature would be reduced by half
Explanation:
Charles' Law => V ∝ T => V = kT => k = V/T
For two sets of T vs V conditions, the system constant (k) remains unchanged and k₁ = k₂ => V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂.
Therefore, if V₁ is reduced to 1/2V₁ = V₂ => V₁/T₁ = 1/2V₁/T₂ => V₁/T₁ = V₁/2T₂
and solving for T₂ => 1/T₁ = 1/2T₂ => 2T₂ = T₁ => T₂ = 1/2T₁
∴ The initial temperature (T₁) would be reduced by half or, T₂ = 1/2T₁
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
According to the Journal of Chemical Education, Volume 80, No.8 (2003); "The first ionization energy of bismuth appears to be anomalous......It has been claimed that spin–
orbit coupling by the Russell–Saunders scheme would lower the ground state of Bi+ ..."
However, the involvement of d and f orbitals in Bi and Po implies that the outermost orbitals are poorly screened hence the drop between nitrogen and oxygen is not observed between Bi and Po.
The same argument could be extended to explain the reason why there not a corresponding drop between Ba and Tl is the sixth period even though they are in the same group as Be and B.
The answer is D. And if it is equally shared it is nonpolar covalent bond
