Answer:
275 MPa, -175 MPa
-0.63636
450 MPa
Explanation:
= Maximum stress
= Minimum stress
= Mean stress = 50 MPa
= Stress amplitude = 225 MPa
Mean stress is given by

Stress amplitude is given by


Maximum stress level is 275 MPa
Minimum stress level is -175 MPa
Stress ratio is given by

The stress ratio is -0.63636
Stress range is given by

Magnitude of the stress range is 450 MPa
Answer:
Option (c)
Explanation:
Both the bullets have same acceleration because they both falls under the influence of acceleration due to gravity.
The bullet which is fired from the gun has some initial velocity but the bullet which is dropped has zero initial velocity.
the acceleration is acting on both the bullets which is equal to the acceleration due to gravity and they both in motion in the influence of gravity.
Answer:
The magnitude of the acceleration is 
The direction is
i.e the negative direction of the z-axis
Explanation:
From the question we are that
The mass of the particle 
The charge on the particle is 
The velocity is 
The the magnetic field is 
The charge experienced a force which is mathematically represented as

Substituting value



Note :

Now force is also mathematically represented as

Making a the subject

Substituting values



I think these gases are water vapor and nitrogen. As the temperature rises, these water vapor molecules, would condense and form the oceans we have. Also, it was said that in the early atmosphere, nitrogen is very abundant and even today the composition of air is 79% by volume.