First, recognize that this is an elimination reaction in which hydroxide must leave and a double bond must form in its place. It is likely an E2 reaction. Here is an efficient mechanism:
1) Pre-reaction: Protonate the -OH to make it a good leaving group, water. H2SO4 or any strong H+ donor works. The water is positively charged but still connected to the compound.
2) E2: Use a sterically hindered base, such as tert-butoxide (tButO-) to abstract the hydrogen from the secondary carbon. [You want a sterically hindered base because a strong, non-sterically hindered base could also abstract a hydrogen from one of the two methyl groups on the tertiary carbon, and that leads to unwanted products, which is not efficient]. As the proton of hydrogen is abstracted, water leaves at the same time, creating an intermediate tertiary carbocation, and the 2 electrons in the C-H bond immediately are used to make a double bond towards the partial positive charge.
In the products we see the major product and water, as expected. Even though you have an intermediate, remember that an E2 mechanism technically happens in one step after -OH protonation.
A heterogeneous mixture is one that is not evenly mixed
A homogeneous mixture is one that is evenly mixed
im pretty sure the answer you are looking for is relative though because mixtures do not have a fixed composition
Answer:
2s² 2p⁵
There are seven valance electrons in fluorine.
Explanation:
The elements of group 17 are called halogens. These are six elements Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine. Halogens are very reactive these elements can not be found free in nature. Their chemical properties are resemble greatly with each other.
Properties of fluorine:
1. it is yellow in color.
2. it is flammable gas.
3. it is highly corrosive.
4. fluorine has pungent smell.
5. its reactions with all other elements are very vigorous except neon, oxygen, krypton and helium.
Electronic configuration of fluorine:
F₉ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁵
Valance electrons in fluorine are 2s² 2p⁵.
Valance Orbital configuration:
2s² 2p⁵
There are seven valance electrons in fluorine.
The correct answer is that it is made of atoms that are covalently bonded together. Hope this helps.
