When sulfate (SO₄²⁻) serves as the electron acceptor at the end of a respiratory electron transport chain, the product is hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).
How sulfate acts as electon acceptor and electron donor?
- Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) is used as the electron acceptor in sulfate reduction, which results in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a metabolic byproduct.
- Many Gram negative bacteria identified in the -Proteobacteria use sulfate reduction, which is a rather energy-poor process.
- Gram-positive organisms connected to Desulfotomaculum or the archaeon Archaeoglobus also utilise it.
- Electron donors are needed for sulfate reduction, such as hydrogen gas or the carbon molecules lactate and pyruvate (organotrophic reducers) (lithotrophic reducers).
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Answer:
Metallic structure
Explanation:
They have a high melting point due to the strong forces of attraction between the positive ions (cations) and the delocalised electrons. Moreover, they conduct electricity due to the sea of delocalised electrons.
<em>[Extra: It could be an ionic compound since they also have a high melting point, however they only conduct electricity in liquid or aqeouus state.]</em>
Answer:
I think it's commensalism
Explanation:
we have to know the spin of valence electrons of carbon-14
There are four unpaired electron which are called as valence electron also.The spin of the four unpaired electron is either upfilled or down filled.
The ground state electronic configuration of C-atom is 1s²2s²2p² and one electron from 2s orbital gets excited to 2p orbital. The elctronic configuration in excited state is 1s²2s¹
.
The electron jumps because half-filled orbitals are more stable. Exchange energy is less than pairing energy.
