D) refracted
because , the light changes direction.. causing the penny to look bigger than it is.
Answer: 
Explanation:
For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.
Here iron is having an oxidation state of +3 called as
cation and oxide
is an anion with oxidation state of -2. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral
.
According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.

Answer:
The differemt isotopes that differ in atomic mass
Explanation:
(a)- Time
(b)- Heat produced(i guess)
(c)- Material
this is what I think, hope it helps
A polymer is a really long chain of smaller molecules (monomers). It's similar to a chain of paper clips because all of the little monomers will attach to each other, forming a long strain.