Answer:
atomic weight..................
There are several various of expressing concentration. For instance, mass percent, volume percent, Molarity, Normality, Molality, etc.
In present case, weight of solute and solvent are given, so it will be convenient to express concentration in terms of mass percent.
Given: weight of solute (Ca2+) = 8500 g
weight of solvent (water) = 490 g.
Therefore, mass of solution = 8500 + 490 = 8990 g
Now, mass percent =

=

= 94.55 %
Answer: Concentration of calcium ions is in this solution is 94.55 % (w/W)
A) because spontaneous means in an instant
Answer:
1.806 x 10^24 atoms total
Explanation:
Mass/volume = density
mass = (440 mg)*(1g)/(1000mg) = 0.440g
volume = (1000cm)(1000cm)(t)
where t = thickness
density = 2.70 g/cm^3 = (0.440g)/((1000cm)(1000cm)(t))
multiply both sides by 't' and divide both sides by (2.70g/cm^3)
t = (0.440) / ((1000cm)(1000cm)(2.70)) = 1.629x10^-7 cm
t = (1.629 x 10^-7 cm)*(1000000 micrometers)/(1 cm) = 0.1629 micrometers
Answer is t = 0.1629 micrometers