How is gamma radiation different from other types of electromagnetic radiation

1 answer:

5 0

The gamma radiation is one of the seven electromagnetic radiations. The other six are: <span>radio </span>waves, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultraviolet and X-<span>rays.</span> The difference between them is the amount of energy found in the photons. The gamma rays have the significant energy in the photons from all other electromagnetic waves.It is also characterized with the shortest wavelengths.

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Choose the best option for the precursor to the tosylate intermediate Design a synthesis of cis-2-methylcyclopentyl acetate from

kumpel [21]

Answer:

To synthesize cis-2-methylcyclopentyl from methycyclopentanol, you need to replace the acetate hydroxyl group with acetate by inverting the configuration.

Explanation:

To understand the process, you need to understand the nucleophilic mechanism taking place in the process. This is the first stage of the process. Hydroxide is a poor leaving group, to it must be converted to a good leaving group. To effect the change, it is necessary to use p-toluenesuphate.

p-toluenesuphate is favored because this can be prepared by a reaction that alters none of the bonds attached to the stereogenic center.

The reaction of p-toluensulfonate with potassium acetate in acetic acid effects the conversion to give the final product: cis-2-methylcyclopentyl.

8 0

2 years ago

omplete the relationship between ph and pka for each of the following atomic view pictures of a buffered solution.

Yakvenalex [24]

The relationship between pH and pKa of buffer solution in given atomic view:

In figure I pH= pKa ( since [HA] =[A-] )

In figure II pH > pKa ( since [A-] > [HA] )

In figure III pH < pKa ( since [A-] < [HA] )

The pH and pKa are related by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. It should not be used for concentrated solutions, extremely low pH acids, or extremely high pH bases because it is simply an approximation.

pH = pKa + log(conjugate base/weak acid).

pH equals pKa plus log ([A-] / [HA]).

pH is determined by dividing the weak acid concentration by the log of the conjugate base concentration and the pKa value.

About halfway to the equivalence point:

pH = pKa

It's important to note that this equation is familiar with the connection because it is sometimes written for the Ka value rather than the pKa value.

pKa = – log Ka

Hence, value of pH depend on relative concentration of [A-] and HA]

To know more about Ka.

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