Atoms have positive charges? or nuclei? Rutherford conducted the infamous gold foil experiment from which he concluded an atom mist contain a dense positively charged part with a orbiting shell of negative parts. That model was refined many times to form the current model of the atom.
The precipitate that is most likely formed from a solution containing Ba+2, Li+, OH-1, and CO3^-2 is BaCO3.
This is because carbonates of all metals except sodium, Lithium potassium (group 1) and ammonium are insoluble in water. Hydroxides of sodium, Lithium, potassium and ammonium are very soluble in water, calcium and barium are moderately soluble. Ba(CO3) is insoluble in water and therefore forms a precipitate.
The blank is atoms. Structural formulas show the atomic arrangement in a molecule.