Chloride ions Cl –(aq) (from the dissolved sodium chloride) are discharged at the positive electrode as chlorine gas, Cl 2(g) sodium ions Na +(aq) (from the dissolved sodium chloride) and hydroxide ions OH –(aq) (from the water) stay behind - they form sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq)
Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. They have the same electronic structures as noble gases. Metal atoms form positive ions, while non-metal atoms form negative ions. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are called ionic bonds.
Reactivity - Reactivity refers to how likely or vigorously an atom is to react with other substances. This is usually determined by how easily electrons can be removed (ionization energy) and how badly they want to take other atom's electrons (electronegativity) because it is the transfer/interaction of electrons that is the basis of chemical reactions.
Metals
Period - reactivity decreases as you go from left to right across a period.
Group - reactivity increases as you go down a group
Why? The farther to the left and down the periodic chart you go, the easier it is for electrons to be given or taken away, resulting in higher reactivity.
Non-metals
Period - reactivity increases as you go from the left to the right across a period.
Group - reactivity decreases as you go down the group.
Why? The farther right and up you go on the periodic table, the higher the electronegativity, resulting in a more vigorous exchange of electron
Ok the first one (C) for all of the answers is 6 and for the seconds one (Ca) the answers are 20
