Answer:
a. +2
b. +3
c. -1
Explanation:
The typical oxidation states can be determined from the periodic table based on the number of valence electrons an atom has.
a. Calcium belongs to group 2A, meaning it has 2 valence electrons and, therefore, would have an oxidation state of +2 in compounds.
b. Aluminum is in group 3A, meaning it has 3 valence electrons and would have an oxidation state of +3 in compounds when the 3 electrons are lost.
c. Fluorine would become fluorine if it gained 1 additional electron to achieve an octet, so its oxidation state would be -1.
Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher performed the oil drop experiment.
Answer:
mitochondria are present in the cells of all types of aerobic organisms like plants and animals, whereas Chloroplast is present in green plants and some algae, protists like Euglena. Mitochondria is the colourless, bean shape organelles. Chloroplasts are green colour and disc shape organelles.
Explanation:
The empirical formula for the citric acid is C₆H₈O₇
<h3>Data obtained from the question </h3>
Divide by their molar mass
C = 37.51 / 12 = 3.126
H = 4.2 / 1 = 4.2
O = 58.29 / 16 = 3.643
Divide by the smallest
C = 3.126 / 3.126 = 1
H = 4.2 / 3.126 = 1.34
O = 3.643 / 3.126 = 1.17
Multiply through by 6 to express in whole number
C = 1 × 6 = 6
H = 1.34 × 6 = 8
O = 1.17 × 6 = 7
Thus, the empirical formula for the citric acid is C₆H₈O₇
Learn more about empirical formula:
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