Lower flammable limit means the lowest concentration of a material that will propagate a flame.
What is hazardous atmosphere?
It is an atmosphere that may expose employees to risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness from one or more of following causes
- Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of lower flammable limit (LFL)
- Airborne combustible dust at concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL
What is lower flammable limit?
- It means the lowest concentration of a material that will propagate a flame.
- The LFL is usually expressed as percent by volume of material in air (or other oxidant)
- Atmospheres with concentration of flammable vapors at or above 10 percent of lower explosive limit (LEL) are considered hazardous when located in confined spaces.
- However, atmospheres with flammable vapors below 10 percent of LEL are not necessarily safe. Such atmospheres are too lean to burn
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Umm I’ll figure it out rn! Will come back in 1 min
Answer: (a) The solubility of CuCl in pure water is
.
(b) The solubility of CuCl in 0.1 M NaCl is
.
Explanation:
(a) Chemical equation for the given reaction in pure water is as follows.

Initial: 0 0
Change: +x +x
Equilibm: x x

And, equilibrium expression is as follows.
![K_{sp} = [Cu^{+}][Cl^{-}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20%5BCu%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%5BCl%5E%7B-%7D%5D)

x = 
Hence, the solubility of CuCl in pure water is
.
(b) When NaCl is 0.1 M,
, 
, 
Net equation: 
= 0.1044
So for, 
Initial: 0.1 0
Change: -x +x
Equilibm: 0.1 - x x
Now, the equilibrium expression is as follows.
K' = 
0.1044 = 
x = 
Therefore, the solubility of CuCl in 0.1 M NaCl is
.
Answer:
A) pH of Buffer solution = 4.59
B) pH after 5.0 ml of 2.0 M NaOH have been added to 400 ml of the original buffer solution = 4.65
Explanation:
This is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation:
![pH = pKa + log\frac{[conjugate base]}{[acid]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%20%3D%20pKa%20%2B%20log%5Cfrac%7B%5Bconjugate%20base%5D%7D%7B%5Bacid%5D%7D)
to calculate the pH of the following Buffer solutions.
Answer:
Elements in which the d-sublevel is being filled have the properties of metals