Answer:
1.551×10^-8 Ωm
Explanation:
Resistivity of a material is expressed as shown;.
Resistivity = RA/l
R is the resistance of the material
A is the cross sectional area
l is the length of the wire.
Given;
R = 0.0310 Ω
A = πd²/4
A = π(2.05×10^-3)²/4
A = 0.000013204255/4
A = 0.00000330106375
A = 3.30×10^-6m
l = 6.60m
Substituting this values into the formula for calculating resistivity.
rho = 0.0310× 3.30×10^-6/6.60
rho = 1.023×10^-7/6.60
rho = 1.551×10^-8 Ωm
Hence the resistivity of the material is 1.551×10^-8 Ωm
2040
15.4+2.2/2 until it equals 2.2
( divide by 3)
680(years)*3 devisions = 2040
Answer:
1. Recollapsing universe
2. Critical universe
3. Coasting universe
Explanation:
Recollapsing universe has dark matter density greater than critical density. While critical universe has its matter density equal to the critical sensity. Coasting universe on the other hand has much smaller matter density compared to critical density.
Note that the critical density is approximately 10^-20 grams/cm3
Answer:
The gravitational potential energy of a system is -3/2 (GmE)(m)/RE
Explanation:
Given
mE = Mass of Earth
RE = Radius of Earth
G = Gravitational Constant
Let p = The mass density of the earth is
p = M/(4/3πRE³)
p = 3M/4πRE³
Taking for instance,a very thin spherical shell in the earth;
Let r = radius
dr = thickness
Its volume is given by;
dV = 4πr²dr
Since mass = density* volume;
It's mass would be
dm = p * 4πr²dr
The gravitational potential at the center due would equal;
dV = -Gdm/r
Substitute (p * 4πr²dr) for dm
dV = -G(p * 4πr²dr)/r
dV = -G(p * 4πrdr)
The gravitational potential at the center of the earth would equal;
V = ∫dV
V = ∫ -G(p * 4πrdr) {RE,0}
V = -4πGp∫rdr {RE,0}
V = -4πGp (r²/2) {RE,0}
V = -4πGp{RE²/2)
V = -4Gπ * 3M/4πRE³ * RE²/2
V = -3/2 GmE/RE
The gravitational potential energy of the system of the earth and the brick at the center equals
U = Vm
U = -3/2 GmE/RE * m
U = -3/2 (GmE)(m)/RE
Most of the excess energy is released as waste heat into the air surrounding the engine. Small amounts of excess energy are also released as sound energy, and as electrical energy generated by the alternator in a car's engine.
