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gizmo_the_mogwai [7]
2 years ago
10

Complete the following table. Tell if the molecule is polar or nonpolar, draw the Lewis dot structure for the molecule, tell wha

t shape the molecule is, and state what the most significant intermolecular force affecting the molecule would be.

Chemistry
2 answers:
andrew11 [14]2 years ago
5 0

The complete table is shown in figure

a) NH3 is polar as the bonds between N and H are polar. Due to asymmetry in   the molecule the molecule is polar

The shape of molecule is trigonal pyramidal while its electronic geometry is tetrahedral.

b) CO2: it is a non polar molecule with polar bonds. The molecule becomes non polar as the dipole moment cancel each other. [Dipole moment is a vector quantity]

The shape is linear.

Ulleksa [173]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

<u>Ammonia</u>: NH₃

  • Polarity: nitrogen-hygrogen bond is polar because nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen (nitrogen atom attracts with more force to it the electrons of hydrogen), and also there is a lone pair of electrons that give the molecule a region with a negative pole. So the <u>ammonia molecule is polar</u>. You can see this in the attachent like ornge arrows.
  • Lewis structure: check the attachment below. Nitrogen atom stays in the center position with hydrogen atoms around it. It is necesary make bonds between central atom and the surrond atoms with their valence electrons. Write the nitrogen atom in the center with all its valence electrons arround it, then do it with the hydrogen atoms, making a ile between an electron of nitrogen atom and an electron of hydrogen atom; that is a "simple bond" (a pair of bonded electrons between two atoms), remaining a pair unbonded electrons that belongs to nitrogen.
  • Molecular shape: it is "trigonal pyramidal" because the central atom (nitrogen) has 3 bonds and 1 pair of non-bonded electrons. That molecular shape has the generic form AB₃E, that means, in this case, NH₃ and 1 pair of non-bonded electrons (E).
  • Most significant intermolecular force: ammonia molecules interact with each other by an specific dipole-dipole intermolecular force called "Hydrogen bond". This type of intermolecular force is so strong and it takes place when an hydrogen atom interacts with lone pair electrons that belongs to a nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine atom (from another molecule).

Carbon dioxide: CO₂

  • Polarity: carbon-hydrogen bond is polar because there is a difference of electronegativity between them, but the <u>carbon dioxide molecule is nonpolar</u> because the polarity of both bonds of carbon atom with oxygen atoms are canceled because they go in a different direction. You can see this in the attachment like orange arrows.  
  • Lewis structure: check the attachment below. In thi case, Carbon atom stays in the center position with oxygen atoms each side of carbon atom. To make bonds between carbon atom and oxygen atoms correctly it is important to follow the "Octet rule", which says that atoms in a molecule tend to bond reaching 8 electrons in its valence; that's because atoms with 8 valence electrons are more stable (that's what happen with noble gases). So for  carbon atom to have 8 electrons, it is necesary to make 2 bonds with each oxygen atom, so it has 2 pair of bonded electrons. Doing this, oxygen atoms also follow the Octet rule, and all of the atoms have 8 electrons in its valence during the bonding.
  • Molecular shape: it is "linear" because the central atom (carbon) has 2 bonds (even if they are double bounds they are conuted as one for the molecular shape) and no lone pair electrons. The generic form of a linear molecular shape is AB₂, which is the same as CO₂.
  • Most significant intermolecular force: carbon dioxide molecules interact with each other by "London dispersion forces". These are very weak and are the only interaction between symmetric nonpolar molecules like carbon dioxide molecule.

Notes:

- Cross shape electrons and dot shape electrons are different just to differ them from each atom.

- It is very important to follow the Octet rule in the making of Lewis structure but note that not all the atoms can have 8 electrons during a bond, that's what happen with hydrogen atoms in ammonia molecule. Hydrogen atoms can have 2 electrons as maximun, because they have just 1 electron to make bonds. This also happen with elements like boron, aluminiun and others.

- Electronegative atoms must occupy the center of Lewis structure.

- Hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms occupy terminal positions in the Lewis structure.

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A grating has 470 lines/mm. how many orders of the visible wavelength 538 nm can it produce in addition to the m = 0 order?
maria [59]

Three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order can be produced in addition to the m = 0 order.

The ruling separation is

d=1 / (470mm −1) = 2.1×10⁻³ mm

Diffraction lines occur at angles θ such that dsinθ=mλ, where λ is the wavelength and m is an integer.

Notice that for a given order, the line associated with a long wavelength is produced at a greater angle than the line associated with a shorter wavelength.

We take λ to be the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum (538nm) and find the greatest integer value of m such that θ is less than 90°.

That is, find the greatest integer value of m for which mλ<d.

since  d / λ = 538×10⁻⁹m / 2.1×10 −6 m ≈ 3

that value is m=3.

There are three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order.

The second and third orders overlap.

Learn more about diffraction here : brainly.com/question/16749356

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7 0
1 year ago
An element has two naturally occurring isotopes, X-85 with a mass of 84.9118 amu and a natural abundance of 72.17%, and X-87 wit
QveST [7]

Answer:

This element is Rubidium (Rb) and has an average atomic mass of 85.468 u

Explanation:

The average mass of an element is calculated by taking the average of the atomic masses of its stable isotopes.

The enitre atomic mass = 100 % or 1

⇒ this consists of X-85 with 72.17 % abundance  with atomic massof  84.9118 g/mol

72.17 % = 0.7217

⇒ this consists of X-87 with  27.83 % abundance with atomic mass of 86.9092 g/mol

27.83 % = 0.2783

To calculate the mass of this isotope we use the following:

0.7271 * 84.9118 + 0.2783 * 86.9092 =85.468 g/mol

This element is Rubidium(Rb) and has an average atomic mass of 85.468 u

5 0
3 years ago
How many moles of KNO3 are in 500 mL of 2. 0 M KNO3? mol KNO3.
8090 [49]

The moles can be defined as the mass of the substance with respect to molar mass. The moles of potassium nitrate is 1 mol.

<h3>How to calculate moles of a substance?</h3>

The moles of a compound can be calculated from:

\rm Moles=\dfrac{Mass}{Molar\;mass}

The molarity can be defined as the moles of solute in a liter of solution.

The molarity can be expressed as:

\rm Molarity=\dfrac{Moles\;\times\;1000}{Volume\;(mL)}

The molarity of potassium nitrate solution is 2 M, and the volume is 500 mL.

The moles of potassium nitrate is given as:

\rm 2\;M=\dfrac{Moles\;\times\;1000}{500\;mL}\\ Moles=\dfrac{2\;\times\;500}{1000}\;mol\\ Moles=1\;mol

The moles of potassium nitrate in 2 M, 500 mL solution are 1 mol.

Learn more about moles, here:

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4 0
1 year ago
Calculate the number of grams of sulfuric acid in 1 gallon of battery acid if the solution has a density of 1.25 g/mL and is 37.
loris [4]

Answer:

break it down and just put the numbers

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
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Ghella [55]

Answer:

B sediment

Explanation:

The excess mileage leads to additional pollution. Car exhaust contains toxic gases, and car fluids often leak (oil drips, antifreeze leaks, etc...). The exhaust also contains nitrogen oxide, which can lead to nutrient-related problems in the environment.

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3 years ago
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