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gizmo_the_mogwai [7]
2 years ago
10

Complete the following table. Tell if the molecule is polar or nonpolar, draw the Lewis dot structure for the molecule, tell wha

t shape the molecule is, and state what the most significant intermolecular force affecting the molecule would be.

Chemistry
2 answers:
andrew11 [14]2 years ago
5 0

The complete table is shown in figure

a) NH3 is polar as the bonds between N and H are polar. Due to asymmetry in   the molecule the molecule is polar

The shape of molecule is trigonal pyramidal while its electronic geometry is tetrahedral.

b) CO2: it is a non polar molecule with polar bonds. The molecule becomes non polar as the dipole moment cancel each other. [Dipole moment is a vector quantity]

The shape is linear.

Ulleksa [173]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

<u>Ammonia</u>: NH₃

  • Polarity: nitrogen-hygrogen bond is polar because nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen (nitrogen atom attracts with more force to it the electrons of hydrogen), and also there is a lone pair of electrons that give the molecule a region with a negative pole. So the <u>ammonia molecule is polar</u>. You can see this in the attachent like ornge arrows.
  • Lewis structure: check the attachment below. Nitrogen atom stays in the center position with hydrogen atoms around it. It is necesary make bonds between central atom and the surrond atoms with their valence electrons. Write the nitrogen atom in the center with all its valence electrons arround it, then do it with the hydrogen atoms, making a ile between an electron of nitrogen atom and an electron of hydrogen atom; that is a "simple bond" (a pair of bonded electrons between two atoms), remaining a pair unbonded electrons that belongs to nitrogen.
  • Molecular shape: it is "trigonal pyramidal" because the central atom (nitrogen) has 3 bonds and 1 pair of non-bonded electrons. That molecular shape has the generic form AB₃E, that means, in this case, NH₃ and 1 pair of non-bonded electrons (E).
  • Most significant intermolecular force: ammonia molecules interact with each other by an specific dipole-dipole intermolecular force called "Hydrogen bond". This type of intermolecular force is so strong and it takes place when an hydrogen atom interacts with lone pair electrons that belongs to a nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine atom (from another molecule).

Carbon dioxide: CO₂

  • Polarity: carbon-hydrogen bond is polar because there is a difference of electronegativity between them, but the <u>carbon dioxide molecule is nonpolar</u> because the polarity of both bonds of carbon atom with oxygen atoms are canceled because they go in a different direction. You can see this in the attachment like orange arrows.  
  • Lewis structure: check the attachment below. In thi case, Carbon atom stays in the center position with oxygen atoms each side of carbon atom. To make bonds between carbon atom and oxygen atoms correctly it is important to follow the "Octet rule", which says that atoms in a molecule tend to bond reaching 8 electrons in its valence; that's because atoms with 8 valence electrons are more stable (that's what happen with noble gases). So for  carbon atom to have 8 electrons, it is necesary to make 2 bonds with each oxygen atom, so it has 2 pair of bonded electrons. Doing this, oxygen atoms also follow the Octet rule, and all of the atoms have 8 electrons in its valence during the bonding.
  • Molecular shape: it is "linear" because the central atom (carbon) has 2 bonds (even if they are double bounds they are conuted as one for the molecular shape) and no lone pair electrons. The generic form of a linear molecular shape is AB₂, which is the same as CO₂.
  • Most significant intermolecular force: carbon dioxide molecules interact with each other by "London dispersion forces". These are very weak and are the only interaction between symmetric nonpolar molecules like carbon dioxide molecule.

Notes:

- Cross shape electrons and dot shape electrons are different just to differ them from each atom.

- It is very important to follow the Octet rule in the making of Lewis structure but note that not all the atoms can have 8 electrons during a bond, that's what happen with hydrogen atoms in ammonia molecule. Hydrogen atoms can have 2 electrons as maximun, because they have just 1 electron to make bonds. This also happen with elements like boron, aluminiun and others.

- Electronegative atoms must occupy the center of Lewis structure.

- Hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms occupy terminal positions in the Lewis structure.

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Which elements can have expanded octets?
PSYCHO15rus [73]

Answer:

Sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and chlorine are common examples of elements that form an expanded octet.

Explanation:

Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are examples of molecules that deviate from the octet rule by having more than 8 electrons around the central atom

7 0
2 years ago
The table shows the number of reactants and products present during two separate chemical reactions.
aleksandr82 [10.1K]

Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A decomposition reaction is defined as a reaction where a compound dissociates into two or more atoms.

For example, A \rightarrow B + C + D

Whereas a chemical reaction in which two reactants combine together to result in the formation of a compound is known as a synthesis reaction.

For example, A + B \rightarrow C is a synthesis reaction.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement chemical reaction A, because the reactant is a compound identifies the decomposition reaction and describes a substance is involved.

6 0
3 years ago
20 points! &lt; is what I chose. How did I do?
Zigmanuir [339]

Greenhouse gases released from the burning of fossil fuels are responsible for global warming.

<h3>What is the atmosphere?</h3>

The atmosphere is the region of region of the planet above its surface area where gases envelop the planet.

Based on the effect of greenhouse gases on global warming;

  • Planet A has a higher surface temperature due to the higher amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
  • Methane is the main constituent of natural gas. Humans increase the contribute to increase in methane gas by raising cattle,
  • Pollutants come from both natural sources and human activities.
  • Sulfur Dioxide is produced by the combustion of fuels in automobiles. Once in the atmosphere, it combine with water to form acid precipitation.
  • Nitrogen and oxygen do not contribute to the greenhouse effect because they are  made up of 2 atom molecules that are bound tightly so they CANNOT vibrate to absorb energy.
  • Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming by absorbing infrared energy that reflects off Earth's surface and reemitting the energy in all directions. This keeps the infrared energy close to the Earth's surface.
  • Most of the greenhouse gases produced come from burning fossil fuels in factories, ships, cars, trains.

Therefore, pollutants such as greenhouse gases are responsible for global warming.

Learn more about greenhouse gases at: brainly.com/question/12684997

#SPJ1

8 0
1 year ago
a. The atomic mass defines the elemental identity of an atom. b. The atomic number of an element is approximately equal to the n
olga nikolaevna [1]

B

Explanation:

option b is correct because

hydrogen is smallest atom

isotopes of elements have different atomic mass

atom mass have nothing to do with elemental identity

3 0
3 years ago
SOMEONE HELP ME
nikdorinn [45]
The answer is Sliver reacts with nitric acid to produce a gas.
3 0
3 years ago
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