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gizmo_the_mogwai [7]
3 years ago
10

Complete the following table. Tell if the molecule is polar or nonpolar, draw the Lewis dot structure for the molecule, tell wha

t shape the molecule is, and state what the most significant intermolecular force affecting the molecule would be.

Chemistry
2 answers:
andrew11 [14]3 years ago
5 0

The complete table is shown in figure

a) NH3 is polar as the bonds between N and H are polar. Due to asymmetry in   the molecule the molecule is polar

The shape of molecule is trigonal pyramidal while its electronic geometry is tetrahedral.

b) CO2: it is a non polar molecule with polar bonds. The molecule becomes non polar as the dipole moment cancel each other. [Dipole moment is a vector quantity]

The shape is linear.

Ulleksa [173]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

<u>Ammonia</u>: NH₃

  • Polarity: nitrogen-hygrogen bond is polar because nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen (nitrogen atom attracts with more force to it the electrons of hydrogen), and also there is a lone pair of electrons that give the molecule a region with a negative pole. So the <u>ammonia molecule is polar</u>. You can see this in the attachent like ornge arrows.
  • Lewis structure: check the attachment below. Nitrogen atom stays in the center position with hydrogen atoms around it. It is necesary make bonds between central atom and the surrond atoms with their valence electrons. Write the nitrogen atom in the center with all its valence electrons arround it, then do it with the hydrogen atoms, making a ile between an electron of nitrogen atom and an electron of hydrogen atom; that is a "simple bond" (a pair of bonded electrons between two atoms), remaining a pair unbonded electrons that belongs to nitrogen.
  • Molecular shape: it is "trigonal pyramidal" because the central atom (nitrogen) has 3 bonds and 1 pair of non-bonded electrons. That molecular shape has the generic form AB₃E, that means, in this case, NH₃ and 1 pair of non-bonded electrons (E).
  • Most significant intermolecular force: ammonia molecules interact with each other by an specific dipole-dipole intermolecular force called "Hydrogen bond". This type of intermolecular force is so strong and it takes place when an hydrogen atom interacts with lone pair electrons that belongs to a nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine atom (from another molecule).

Carbon dioxide: CO₂

  • Polarity: carbon-hydrogen bond is polar because there is a difference of electronegativity between them, but the <u>carbon dioxide molecule is nonpolar</u> because the polarity of both bonds of carbon atom with oxygen atoms are canceled because they go in a different direction. You can see this in the attachment like orange arrows.  
  • Lewis structure: check the attachment below. In thi case, Carbon atom stays in the center position with oxygen atoms each side of carbon atom. To make bonds between carbon atom and oxygen atoms correctly it is important to follow the "Octet rule", which says that atoms in a molecule tend to bond reaching 8 electrons in its valence; that's because atoms with 8 valence electrons are more stable (that's what happen with noble gases). So for  carbon atom to have 8 electrons, it is necesary to make 2 bonds with each oxygen atom, so it has 2 pair of bonded electrons. Doing this, oxygen atoms also follow the Octet rule, and all of the atoms have 8 electrons in its valence during the bonding.
  • Molecular shape: it is "linear" because the central atom (carbon) has 2 bonds (even if they are double bounds they are conuted as one for the molecular shape) and no lone pair electrons. The generic form of a linear molecular shape is AB₂, which is the same as CO₂.
  • Most significant intermolecular force: carbon dioxide molecules interact with each other by "London dispersion forces". These are very weak and are the only interaction between symmetric nonpolar molecules like carbon dioxide molecule.

Notes:

- Cross shape electrons and dot shape electrons are different just to differ them from each atom.

- It is very important to follow the Octet rule in the making of Lewis structure but note that not all the atoms can have 8 electrons during a bond, that's what happen with hydrogen atoms in ammonia molecule. Hydrogen atoms can have 2 electrons as maximun, because they have just 1 electron to make bonds. This also happen with elements like boron, aluminiun and others.

- Electronegative atoms must occupy the center of Lewis structure.

- Hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms occupy terminal positions in the Lewis structure.

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8 0
2 years ago
How many significant figures are there in the following numbers: 10.78, 6.78, 0.78? If these were pH values, to how many signifi
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Answer:

10.78 → 4 significant figures, pH = 10.78 → [H⁺] = 1.66ₓ10⁻¹¹ M

6.78 → 3 significant figures, pH = 6.78 → [H⁺] = 1.66ₓ10⁻⁷ M

0.78 → 2 significant figures, pH = 0.78 → [H⁺] = 0.166 M

pH always can be expressed by at least 4 significant figures. The [H⁺], can be expressed by, at least 3 significant figures

Explanation:

Significant figures are the numbers of a measurement that have certainty plus a doubtful number (it is associated with the uncertainty in the measurement). For example, if we measure a paper with a ruler and the ruler measures up to centimeters we can say that the paper is 7.5 cm long, with which we know that the paper is 7 cm + 0.5 cm which we associate with uncertainty. In this case we talk about two significant figures. If the sheet measured 7.57 cm we would already be talking about a more precise measurement and in this case with 3 significant figures.

10.78 → 4 significant figures

6.78 → 3 significant figures

0.78 → 2 significant figures

To determine [H⁺], we apply 10^-pH

10⁻¹⁰°⁷⁸ = 1.66ₓ10⁻¹¹ M

10⁻⁶°⁷⁸ = 1.66ₓ10⁻⁷ M

10⁻⁰°⁷⁸ = 0.166 M

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How will the addition of a catalyst affect the reaction rate of the chemical reaction?
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3 years ago
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A 3.0 L cointainer contains 4 mol He, 2 mol Ne,and 1 mol Ar. What is the mole fraction of neon gas? What is the partial pressure
CaHeK987 [17]

Answer:

Partial pressure of Ne = 1.43 atm

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Volume = 3.0 L

Number of moles He = 4 moles

Number of moles Ne = 2 moles

Number of moles Ar = 1 mol

Total pressure = 5 atm

Step 2: Calculate total moles

Total moles = 4 moles + 2 moles + 1 mol

Total moles = 7 moles

Step 3: Calculate the mol ratio

Mol ratio = moles / total mol

Mol ratio He = 4 moles / 7 moles = 0.571

Mol ratio Ne = 2 moles / 7 moles = 0.286

Mol ratio Ar = 1 mol / 7 moles = 0.143 moles

Ste p4: Calculate partial pressure

PArtial pressure = mol ratio * total pressure

Partial pressure of Ne = mol ratio Ne * total pressure

Partial pressure of Ne = 0.286 * 5 atm

Partial pressure of Ne = 1.43 atm

8 0
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How many grams of lithium nitrate, LiNO3 (68.9 g/mol), are required to prepare 342.6 mL of a 0.783 M LiNO3 solution ? A) 0.00389
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Answer:

b) 18.5 g

Explanation:

The first step is the <u>calculation of number of moles</u> of LiNO_3 with the molarity equation, so:

M=\frac{#~mol}{L}

With the <u>volume in "L" units</u> (342.6 mL= 0.342 L ) we can <u>find the moles</u>, so:

0.783~M\frac{#~mol}{0.342~L}

#~mol=~0.783*0.342=0.268~mol~LiNO_3

Now, we have to calculate the <u>molar mass</u> to convert the moles to grams. For this we have to know the <u>atomic mass</u> of each atom:

Li ( 6.94 g/mol)

N (14 g/mol

O (16 g/mol)

With these values and the number of atoms in the molecule we can do the math:

(6.94 x 1) + ( 14 x 1) + (16 x 3 ) = 68.94 g/mol

The final step is the <u>calculation of the grams</u>, so:

0.268~mol~LiNO_3~\frac{69.94~g~LiNO_3}{1~mol~LiNO_3}=~18.5~g~LiNO_3

<u>We will need 18.5 g of LiNO3 to do a 0.783 M solution with a volume 342.6 mL.</u>

4 0
3 years ago
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