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sergejj [24]
3 years ago
12

Discuss how the following factors determine the rate of electron transfer in biological systems:

Chemistry
1 answer:
Cloud [144]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:check explanation

Explanation:

(a). HOW THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ELECTRON DONOR AND ACCEPTOR AFFECTS THE RATE OF ELECTRON TRANSFER IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM:

Distance between the acceptor and the donor can affect in two ways; short distance and long distance effect.

Short distance causes

electronic orbitals of donor and acceptor directly overlap whereas in LONG DISTANCE reactions this coupling is indirect because of

sequential overlaps of atomic orbitals of the donor, the intervening medium, and the orbitals of the acceptor.

(b). HOW REORGANIZATION ENERGY OF REDOX ACTIVE SPECIE SURROUNDING MEDIUM AFFECTS:

the reorganized energy does not depend on the pre-existing intra molecule electric field. The charge transferred inside the molecule interacts with its aqueous surroundings.

Reorganized energy can be calculated using Poisson-Boltzmann equation.

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Correctly identify the generic formula for a double replacement reaction.
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Answer:

AB + CD → AC +BD

Explanation:

Double replacement:

It is the reaction in which two compound exchange their ions and form new compounds.

AB + CD → AC +BD

Example:

The following reaction is double replacement reaction.

CaCO₃ + 2HCl  → CaCl₂ + H₂CO₃

While,

A + B → AB

Synthesis reaction:

It is synthesis reaction. The reaction in which two or more simple substance react to give one or more complex product.

AB → A + B

Decomposition:

It is the decomposition reaction. The reaction in which one reactant is break down into two or more product.

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Single replacement:

It is the reaction in which one elements replace the other element in compound.

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How many atoms of carbon does this molecule have?
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Answer:

Carbon has four valence electrons in its shell carbon can share electrons with up to four different atoms.

Explanation:

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What two factors determine whether a molecule is polar or not?
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Answer:

electronegativity of bonded atoms and shape.

Explanation:

if the shape of molecule is symmetric it will non polar. The polar molecules are trigonal in shape.

Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion and compound is polar.

Covalent bond:

It is formed by the sharing of electron pair between bonded atoms.  

The atom with larger electronegativity attract the electron pair more towards it self and becomes partial negative while the other atom becomes partial positive and compound will polar.

For example:

In water the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44 and hydrogen is 2.2. That's why electron pair attracted more towards oxygen, thus oxygen becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive.

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