Answer: -33.3 * 10^9 C/m^2( nC/m^2)
Explanation: In order to solve this problem we have to use the gaussian law, the we have:
Eoutside =0 so teh Q inside==
the Q inside= 4.6 nC/m*L + σ *2*π*b*L where L is the large of the Gaussian surface and b the radius of the shell.
Then we simplify and get
σ= -4.6/(2*π*b)= -33.3 nC/m^2
Answer:
Mechanical Energy
Explanation:
The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of an object is its total mechanical energy.
This is something u are going to have to do
Answer:
The electric flux is 
Explanation:
Given:
- Radius of the disc R=0.50 m
- Angle made by disk with the horizontal

- Magnitude of the electric Field

The flux of the Electric Field E due to the are dA in space can be found out by using Gauss Law which is as follows

where
is the total Electric Flux- E is the Electric Field
- dA is the Area through which the electric flux is to be calculated.
Now according to question we have

Hence the electric flux is calculated.
Answer:
(a) 
(b) 15 hours
Explanation:
half life, T = 12 hours
No = 19 g
(a) Let N be the amount remaining after time t.
Let λ be the decay constant.

The equation of radioactivity used here is given by


(b) N = 8 gram
Substitute the values in above equation

λ = 0.0577 per hour
So, 

Take natural log on both the sides
- 0.0577 t = - 0.865
t = 15 hours