Answer: <u>elastically</u> deformed or <u>non-permanently</u> deformed
Explanation:
According to classical mechanics, there are two types of deformations:
-Plastic deformation (also called irreversible or permanent deformation), in which the material does not return to its original form after removing the applied force, therefore it is said that the material was permanently deformed.
This is because the material undergoes irreversible thermodynamic changes while it is subjected to the applied forces.
-Elastic deformation (also called reversible or non-permanent deformation), in which the material returns to its original shape after removing the applied force that caused the deformation.
In this case t<u>he material also undergoes thermodynamic changes, but these are reversible, causing an increase in its internal energy by transforming it into elastic potential energy.</u>
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Therefore, the situation described in the question is related to elastic deformation.
Answer:


Δd = 
Explanation:
As
, when the car is making full stop,
.
. Therefore,

Apply the same formula above, with
and
, and the car is starting from 0 speed, we have

As
. After
, the car would have traveled a distance of

Hence 
As
we can simplify 
After t time, the train would have traveled a distance of 
Therefore, Δd would be 
Thermal conductions
K= QL/ART
Aluminium T₁ = 10 + 273.15
T₂ = 283.15k
205 = 2.0 × 0.30/4× 10⁻⁴ × (T₂ - 283.15)
Copper
385 = Q × 0.70/4×10⁻⁴ ×(433.15 - T₂)
Where T₃ = 160 + 273.15
T₃ = 433.15K
From 2 to 3
205/385 = 0.30/0.70 × 433.15 - T₂/T₂ - 283.15
= 0.53T₂ -150.06 = 181.92 - 0.42 T₂
→ 0.95T₂ = 331.98 ⇒ T₂ = ₂349.45k
T₂ = 76.3°c
=77°c.
As we know that in transformers we have

here we know that



now from above equation we will have


