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frez [133]
3 years ago
14

________ are molecules whose general structure includes a central carbon with a carboxyl group, an amine group, a hydrogen molec

ule, and a residual (r) group.

Chemistry
1 answer:
IgorLugansk [536]3 years ago
5 0

The amino acids are the molecules where we can found the carboxyl group (-COO^{-}), amino group (-NH_{2}), hydrogen atom (H) and a residual R-group. On the structure of the residual R-group the name of the amino acid depends. Like if R is hydrogen (H) the amino acid is alanine; If R- group is a phenyl group i.e. -C_{6}H_{5}, the compound is called phenyl alanine. The structure of the general amino acid skeleton can be shown as-

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Suppose an ice cube weighing 36.0 g at a temperature of 10°C is placed in 360 g water at a temperature of 20°C. Calculate the te
Scilla [17]

Answer:

10.44 °C

Explanation:

When the thermal equilibrium is reached, both of the substances have the same final temperature (T). The liquid water will lose heat, and the ice cube will absorb this heat. The temperature of the ice will increase until it reaches 0°C, at this temperature, it will change of phase for liquid, absorbing heat, but without a change in the temperature. Then the temperature will increase until the equilibrium.

By the energy conservation, the total amount of heat must be equal to 0:

Qice + Qmelting + Qliquid1 + Qliquid2 = 0

Liquid 1 is the ice after melting, and liquid 2 the liquid that was already at the flask. When there's a change of temperature:

Q = n*c*ΔT, where n is the number of moles, c is the heat capacity and ΔT is the temperature change (final - initial). The temperature variation in °C is equal in K, so the temperature may be used in °C.

The melting heat is:

Q = n*Hfus, Hfus = 6007 J/mol

The molar mass of the water is 18 g/mol, so the number of moles of the water and the ice are:

nwater = nliquid1 = 360/18 = 20 moles

nice = 36/18 = 2 moles

Qice + Qmelting + Qliquid1 + Qliquid2 = 0

2*38*(0 - (-10)) + 2*6007 + 2*75*(T - 0) + 20*75*(T - 20) = 0

760 + 12014 + 150T + 1500T - 30000 = 0

1650T = 17226

T = 10.44 °C

4 0
3 years ago
Based upon the following diagram, propose a possible identity for atoms X and Y. Explain your answer in terms of the periodic ta
zhenek [66]

Answer:

Up until now we have been discussing only the elemental forms of atoms which are neutrally charged. This is because the number of electrons (negative in charge) is equal to the number of protons (positive in charge). The overall charge on the atom is zero, because the magnitude of the negative charge is the same as the magnitude of the positive charge. This one-to-one ratio of charges is not, however, the most common state for many elements. Deviations from this ratio result in charged particles called ions.

Throughout nature, things that are high in energy tend to move toward lower energy states. Lower energy configurations are more stable, so things are naturally drawn toward them. For atoms, these lower energy states are represented by the noble gas elements. These elements have electron configurations characterized by full s and p subshells. This makes them stable and unreactive. They are already at a low energy state, so they tend to stay as they are.

The elements in the other groups have subshells that are not full, so they are unstable when compared to the noble gases. This instability drives them toward the lower energy states represented by the noble gases that are nearby in the periodic table. In these lower energy states, the outermost energy level has eight electrons (an “octet”). The tendency of an atom toward a configuration in which it possesses eight valence electrons is referred to as the “Octet Rule.”

There are two ways for an atom that does not have an octet of valence electrons to obtain an octet in its outer shell. One way is the transfer of electrons between two atoms until both atoms have octets. Because some atoms will lose electrons and some atoms will gain electrons, there is no overall change in the number of electrons, but with the transfer of electrons the individual atoms acquire a nonzero electric charge. Those that lose electrons become positively charged, and those that gain electrons become negatively charged. Recall that atoms carrying positive or negative charges are called ions. If an atom has gained one or more electrons, it is negatively charged and is called an anion. If an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is positively charged and is called a cation. Because opposite charges attract (while like charges repel), these oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming ionic bonds. The resulting compounds are called ionic compounds.

The second way for an atom to obtain an octet of electrons is by sharing electrons with another atom. These shared electrons simultaneously occupy the outermost shell of both atoms. The bond made by electron sharing is called a covalent bond. Covalent bonding and covalent compounds will be discussed in Chapter 4 “Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds”.

At the end of chapter 2, we learned how to draw the electron dot symbols to represent the valence electrons for each of the elemental families.  This skill will be instrumental in learning about ions and ionic bonding. Looking at Figure 3.1, observe the Noble Gas family of elements. The electron dot symbol for the Nobel Gas family clearly indicates that the valence electron shell is completely full with an octet of electrons.  If you look at the other families, you can see how many electrons they will need to gain or lose to reach the octet state.  Above, we noted that elements are the most stable when they can reach the octet state. However, it should also be noted that housing excessively high negative or positive charge is unfavorable.  Thus, elements will reach the octet state and also maintain the lowest charge possible.   You will note that for the IA, IIA, IIIA and transition metals groups, it is more economical to lose electrons (1-3 electrons) from their valence shells to reach the octet state, rather than to gain 5-7 electrons.  Similarly main group columns VA, VIA, and VIIA tend to gain electrons (1-3) to complete their octet, rather than losing 5-7 electrons. Some atoms, like carbon, are directly in the middle.  These atoms don’t like to gain or lose electrons, but tend to favor the sharing model of chemical bonding. The remaining sections of this chapter will focus on the formation of ions and the resulting ionic compounds.

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
How many Joules of heat would be required
mote1985 [20]

Heat would be required  : 1,670 J

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

Given

mass of H₂O=5 g

Required

Heat to melt

Solution

The heat to change the phase can be formulated :

Q = m.Lf (melting/freezing)

Lf=latent heat of fusion

The heat of fusion for water at 0 °C : 334 J/g

Input given values in formula :

\tt Q=5\times 334=\boxed{\bold{1,670~J}}

4 0
3 years ago
How do enzymes help digestion?
Effectus [21]
They speed up the breakdown of food in the stomach.
3 0
3 years ago
Please help! Will mark friend!
bezimeni [28]
The answer is D the Respiration rate increases as the Exercise Intensity increases as well<span />
5 0
3 years ago
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