A mutation in the DNA ca happen during growth, when the DNA splits and becomes RNA. Mutations can also occur from other invasive cells, such as bacteria or viruses. A mutation in your DNA can also be there from when you were born. These mutations can cause variations in your appearance, such as eye color, ability to see, taste, smell and the complexion of your face. The mutations can also result in variations in your growth, causing immature or late growth. These mutations are dangerous, and can result in failure of the organisms cells , to complete and utter death of an organism.
The potential difference across the parallel plate capacitor is 2.26 millivolts
<h3>Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor</h3>
The capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor is given by C = ε₀A/d where
- ε₀ = permittivity of free space = 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m,
- A = area of plates and
- d = distance between plates = 4.0 mm = 4.0 × 10⁻³ m.
<h3>Charge on plates</h3>
Also, the surface charge on the capacitor Q = σA where
- σ = charge density = 5.0 pC/m² = 5.0 × 10⁻¹² C/m² and
- a = area of plates.
<h3>
The potential difference across the parallel plate capacitor</h3>
The potential difference across the parallel plate capacitor is V = Q/C
= σA ÷ ε₀A/d
= σd/ε₀
Substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have
V = σd/ε₀
V = 5.0 × 10⁻¹² C/m² × 4.0 × 10⁻³ m/8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m
V = 20.0 C/m × 10⁻³/8.854 F/m
V = 2.26 × 10⁻³ Volts
V = 2.26 millivolts
So, the potential difference across the parallel plate capacitor is 2.26 millivolts
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Moth X is more likely to be eaten by insect killing birds first. This is because Moth Y blends in with the tree trunk more and is hidden from birds. Its wings camouflage with the tree trunk, hiding it from sight.
A potential problem is that you are willing to accept a <u>5% </u>chance of being wrong if you reject the null hypothesis.
The significance level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is true. For example, a significance level of 0.05 indicates a 5% risk of concluding that there is a difference when there is actually no difference. Rejecting the true null hypothesis results in a Type I error.
The smaller the value of α the more difficult it is to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, choosing a low value for α can reduce the likelihood of Type I errors. The result here is that if the null hypothesis is false, it may be more difficult to reject using a lower value for α. The alpha value or statistical significance threshold is arbitrary. Which value to use depends on your field of study.
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