Question

What is the main difference between protons and neutrons

Answer 1

The main difference between protons and neutrons is the charge, while the mass is almost the same

Proton is positively charged (+1), the neutron charge = 0

Further explanation

Inside the atom consists of a nucleus containing 3 basic particles namely protons and neutrons, while electrons move around the nucleus.

The charge of 1 proton is equal to a charge of 1 electron, but the sign is different.

The proton is positively charged (+1), the electron is negatively charged (-1). and neutrons not charged (neutral)

For a charge of 1 electron = e = 1.66.10⁻¹⁹ coulomb

Whereas the neutron charge = 0

The mass of 1 proton is equal to the mass of 1 neutron, equal to 1 atomic mass unit and electrons have a mass smaller than both.

electron mass = 9.11.10⁻²⁸ g

proton mass = 1.6726.10⁻²⁴ g

neutron mass = 1,675.10⁻²⁴ g

The proton mass is considered to be equal to 1 atomic mass unit and a neutron which is also considered to be equal to 1 atomic mass unit

1 unit of atomic mass = 1.6726.10⁻²⁴

So the electron mass The small mass between the basic particles inside the atoms

The electrons were first discovered by JJ Thompson through experiments with vacuum tubes, while the electron charge was discovered by Robert Milikan.

Proton discovered Goldstein through a cathode ray experiment and Neutron by James Chadwick

So the main difference between protons and neutrons is the charge, while the mass is almost the same

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Answer 2

Protons and neutrons differ from each other mainly in their $\boxed{{\text{charges}}}$

Further Explanation:

The smallest particle and the building block of matter is known as an atom. Most of the space in an atom is empty and its mass is concentrated inside a small region called the nucleus.

Protons, electrons, and neutrons are the three subatomic particles that are present in the atom. Protons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons because these are located in the nucleus of the atom. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in definite orbits.

Proton was discovered by Ernest Rutherford. It is the positively charged subatomic particle. It is generally represented by p or ${{\text{p}}^ + }$. It is equal to the atomic number (Z) of the element. For example, the atomic number of sodium is 11. So it will have 11 protons.

Neutron was discovered by James Chadwick.  It is the subatomic particles that has no charge. It is generally denoted by n or ${{\text{n}}^0}$. It is situated within the nucleus. The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number. Atomic mass or mass number is the total number of nucleons within the atomic nucleus. So if the atomic number or the proton number is known, the number of neutrons can be calculated by the difference of mass number (A) and atomic number (Z).

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Structure of the atom

Keywords: difference, protons, neutrons, subatomic particles, charges, mass, atomic number, mass number, no charge, positively charged, electrons, nucleons.