Answer:
The ratio between protons to electrons is not 1:1
Explanation:
A normal atom will be neutral in charge having 1 electron for each atom. An Atom that gains or looses an electron loses that perfect ratio. It is positive is electrons are loss and negative if electrons are gained.
Answer:
Option C = electron
Explanation:
Electrons are responsible for the production of colored light.
Electron:
The electron is subatomic particle that revolve around outside the nucleus and has negligible mass. It has a negative charge.
Symbol= e-
Mass= 9.10938356×10⁻³¹ Kg
It was discovered by j. j. Thomson in 1897 during the study of cathode ray properties.
How electrons produce the colored light:
Excitation:
When the energy is provided to the atom the electrons by absorbing the energy jump to the higher energy levels. This process is called excitation. The amount of energy absorbed by the electron is exactly equal to the energy difference of orbits.
De-excitation:
When the excited electron fall back to the lower energy levels the energy is released in the form of radiations. this energy is exactly equal to the energy difference between the orbits. The characteristics bright colors are due to the these emitted radiations. These emitted radiations can be seen if they are fall in the visible region of spectrum.
Other process may involve,
Fluorescence:
In fluorescence the energy is absorbed by the electron having shorter wavelength and high energy usually of U.V region. The process of absorbing the light occur in a very short period of time i.e. 10 ∧-15 sec. During the fluorescence the spin of electron not changed.
The electron is then de-excited by emitting the light in visible and IR region. This process of de-excitation occur in a time period of 10∧-9 sec.
Phosphorescence:
In phosphorescence the electron also goes to the excitation to the higher level by absorbing the U.V radiations. In case of Phosphorescence the transition back to the lower energy level occur very slowly and the spin pf electron also change.
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Menirals have definite chemical composition
- Minerals have crystalline structure
<u>Explanation:</u>
Minerals should be found in nature. Elements made laboratories are not actual minerals like masquerading as rubies or sapphires. All naturally available crystals are not minerals like opal and amber.
Minerals are not under any class of organic compounds. Almost all known minerals come from inorganic processes. Some minerals originate from organic processes like pearls.
Minerals exist only as solids. Solids have a defined volume and shape, and they cannot be compressed any further. Minerals are rigid.
- Definite chemical composition
Each mineral has a unique combination of atoms that cannot be found in other minerals. The strength of mineral can be defined by the type of bond a mineral has. Some minerals, like gold and diamond, have only one element in it.
Minerals form crystals that have repeated arrangements of ions. Minerals have different shapes depending on the size of the ion. Crystals usually take six types of shapes.
