valence electrons are the number of electrons in the outer shell. there can only be 8 electrons in the outer shell. The number of valence electrons can be used to determine how many bonds are needed.
For example: H2O
O (oxygen) has 6 valence electrons
H (hydrogen) has 1 valence electron
O needs 2 more electrons to be stable
H needs 1 more electron to be stable
O forms one bond with two H atoms to form H2O.
Answer:
15.Potassium oxide
16.Calcium chloride
17.Aluminium sulphide
18.CaS
Explanation:
15.K is the chemical symbol of Potassium and generally the name of the non-metal at the end of a formula has the suffix '-ide' and since O is oxygen, the name becomes Potassium oxide.
16. The same applies here. Ca is Calcium and Cl is Chlorine but since its the non-metal at the end, it ends in -ide. So Calcium chloride.
17.The same applies here too. Al is Aluminium and S is Sulphur so Aluminium sulphide.
18. Calcium's symbol is Ca and that of Sulphur is S and that gives the formula CaS.
11. ionic charge +1, helium.
12. ionic charge 2-, neon.
13. ionic charge 3+, neon.
It's friction, but friction in air is called Air Resistance. So, that's your answer.