a) Friction force always oppose to the relative movement between two surfaces, and, provided that be less than the fs max, adopt any value to counteract the applied force.

The fs max, is the horizontal component of the contact force, and can be written as follows:

Fs max = us . Fn

As the block is at rest in the vertical direction, this means that Fn must be numerically equal to the weight of the object:

Fn = m g = 35 kg. 9.8 m/s2 = 343 N → Fs max = 0.37. 343 N = 127 N

b) Now, as the applied force is smaller than Fs max, this means that the friction force, is equal and opposite to the applied forcé, i.e., -112 N, so the crate doesn´t move.

c) Please see above.

d) As explained above, the maximum friction force, is proportional to the normal force, which adopts any value needed to satisfy the Newton´s 2nd Law.

So, if we diminish the normal force, we can lower the máximum friction force, helping to the worker to move the crate.

The mínimum needed normal force, will be the one that satisfies the following:

Fs max = F applied = us Fn = 112 N = 0.37. Fn.

Solving for Fn, we get Fn= 303 N

So, the difference between the original normal force and the new one, will be the mínimum upward force needed to make the crate to move, as follows:

Fup = 343 N -303 N = 40 N

e) If we keep the normal force unchanged, but add an horizontal force to help the worker, we will need that the sum of both forces, will be equal to the Fs max, as follows:

Fh + Fapp = 127 N → Fh = 127 N – 112 N = 15 N

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3 years ago