To calculate force, use the formula force equals mass times acceleration, or F = m × a. Make sure that the mass measurement you're using is in kilograms and the acceleration is in meters over seconds squared. When you've solved the equation, the force will be measured in Newtons.
The diagram is showing a 3d model of an atom, with all of the electrons demonstrated in a rounded shape, which resembles a cloud, thus being called an electron cloud.
When using the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic force on a charge, which part of the hand points in the direction that the charge is moving? The answer is <span>thumb.
</span>One way to remember this is that there is one velocity, represented accordingly by the thumb. There are many field lines, represented accordingly by the fingers. The force is in the direction you would push with your palm. The force on a negative charge is in exactly the opposite direction to that on a positive charge. Because the force is always perpendicular to the velocity vector, a pure magnetic field will not accelerate a charged particle in a single direction, however will produce circular or helical motion (a concept explored in more detail in future sections). It is important to note that magnetic field will not exert a force on a static electric charge. These two observations are in keeping with the rule that <span>magnetic fields do no </span>work<span>.</span>
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Hope the above picture might help you :)
