Question

Which of the following most accurately represents John Dalton’s model of the atom? A. a tiny, solid sphere with an unpredictable mass for a given element B. a hollow sphere with a dense nucleus C. a tiny, solid sphere with a predictable mass for a given element D. a sphere that is hollow throughout

Answer 1

The most accurately represented John Dalton's model of the atom is: C. a tiny, solid sphere with a predictable mass for a given element

Further explanation

The development of atomic theory starts from the first term conveyed by Greek scientists who suggested that every substance has the smallest particles so that the word atomos appears, which means it cannot be divided. So, John Dalton, a British scientist put forward the hypothesis about atoms, among others:

• 1. The elements are composed of atoms which are small particles which cannot be subdivided

• 2. Atoms that make up the same element have the same properties, mass, and size, while for different elements, the properties are also different

• 3. Compounds are composed of two or more atoms in a fixed ratio

• 4. In chemical reactions, atoms after and before a reaction cannot be destroyed, only separation and reassembly occur

Point 3 shows the relationship with The Law of Constant Composition of Proust so that further research on atoms is more developed

Dalton's hypothesis is described as a solid sphere like a very small shot put ball or a bowling ball based on Dalton's hobby in bowling

Learn more

Bohr's model of the atom

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Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment

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The part of an atom that is mostly empty space

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Keywords: atom, Dalton, a solid sphere, The Law of Constant Composition

Answer 2

The statement that accurately represents John Dalton’s model of the atom is $\boxed{{\text{C}}{\text{.}}\;{\text{A tiny solid sphere with a predictable mass for the given element}}}$

Further Explanation:

Postulates of John Dalton’s atomic model:

1. The matter contains indivisible particles. These particles are known as atoms.

2. Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.

3. Atoms of the same element show similarity in their shape and mass, but they are different from the elements of the other elements.

4. Atom is the smallest unit that participates in the chemical reaction.

5. Atoms of different elements can form compounds by combining with each other in a fixed, simple and whole number ratios.

6. Atoms of the same element can form two or more compounds by combining in more than one ratio.

Advantages of John Dalton’s atomic model:

1. This theory explains the laws of chemical combination.

2. It provides a clear distinction between atoms and molecules. Atom is the fundamental particle of an element whereas the molecule is that of a compound.

Limitations of John Dalton’s atomic model:

1. It failed to explain the further division of atoms into subatomic particles.

2. It did not mention any concept of isotopes (atoms of the same element with same atomic number and different mass numbers) and isobars (atoms of different elements with same mass number but different atomic numbers).

3. This theory failed to explain the reason for the existence of allotropes.

4. This theory is not applicable to complex organic molecules.

Dalton’s atomic model is also known as the billiard ball model. He assumed atoms to be tiny solid spherical objects similar to the billiard balls. He called these atoms as indivisible particles. But they have some mass for the particular element.

So atom is a tiny solid sphere with a predictable mass for the given element.

Learn more:

1. Rate of chemical reaction: brainly.com/question/1569924

2. Bohr’s model of the atom: brainly.com/question/2965079

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Structure of the atom

Keywords: Tiny, solid, sphere, atom, John Dalton’s model, small particle, indivisible, allotropes, isobars, isotopes, complex, organic molecules, molecules, distinction, fundamental, laws of chemical combination, fixed, simple, chemical reaction.