amount of product formed or amount of reactants used / time
A solution is turning blue means, it is turning it's behavior to Basic from Acidic. Reagent D must be a Basic component so it is increasing the pH of the solution. As reaction does not depend on the phase of the component, it could be anything i.e., Solid, Liquid or gas.
Hope this helps!
The problem applies Charles' law since constant pressure with varying volume and temperature are given. Assuming ideal gas law, the equation to be used is

=

. We make sure the temperatures are expressed in Kelvin, hence the given added with 273. The volume 2 is equal to 25.2881 liters.