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RoseWind [281]
3 years ago
12

Describe 2 physical and 2 chemical changes involved in cooking Please answer quick!!!

Chemistry
1 answer:
pshichka [43]3 years ago
7 0

Answer: theres alot let me explain...

Explanation:

Protein denaturation is what makes eggs solidify, collagen break down and convert to gelatin in slow-cooked meat, fish and chicken become more opaque, and all meats firm up and change color. This is primarily achieved by applying heat, but can also occur in the presence of acidic and basic ingredients.

The Maillard reaction is the primary effect taking place in “browning”, and produces more flavor compounds, resulting in more complex flavors in food that we generally find enjoyable. It involves reaction between amino acids (proteins) and a certain class of sugars called reducing sugars — mostly the monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose.

Caramelization is a secondary browning effect that occurs in foods with sugar content, even though all browning is often referred to as “caramelizing”. It mostly takes place at higher temperatures than Maillard reaction (with the notable exception of fructose).

Pyrolysis, or thermal decomposition (chemical breakdown) begins at higher temperatures. While caramelization is technically in this category, the main effect of this reaction is carbonization. This is what we generally mean when we talk about “burning” food, even though no combustion has taken place. It’s also what happens when we cause oil to smoke and darken. In small, controlled amounts, this can still provide desirable flavors, such as char on the outside of meat and contributing to “wok hei” in stir frying — the latter of which does involve some combustion.

Acid-base reactions produce carbon dioxide, which creates the rise in quick breads such as biscuits. These often occur at room temperature, but some also don’t occur until higher temperatures — which is how “double-acting” baking powder works.

Gluten formation occurs when you mix flour and water, resulting in stretchy doughs and fluffy baked goods. This occurs easily at room temperature.

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stiv31 [10]

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Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
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Why are the electrons in a nitrogen-phosphorus covalent bond not shared equally? which atom do the electrons spend more time aro
a_sh-v [17]
<span>Electrons in a nitrogen-phosphorus covalent bond are not shared equally because nitrogen and phosphorus do not have the same electronegativity. The atoms spend more time around the most electronegative atom nitrogen.</span>
6 0
4 years ago
It has been suggested that the surface melting of ice plays a role in enabling speed skaters to achieve peak performance. Carry
vesna_86 [32]

Explanation:

Relation between pressure, latent heat of fusion, and change in volume is as follows.

          \frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{L}{T \times \Delta V}

Also, \frac{L}{T} = \Delta S^{fusion}_{m}

where, \Delta V^{fusion}_{m} is the difference in specific volumes.

Hence,    \frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{\Delta S^{fusion}_{m}}{\Delta V^{fusion}_{m}}

As, \Delta S^{fusion}_{m} = \frac{L}{T} = \frac{6010}{273.15} = 22.0 J/mol K

And,   \Delta V^{fusion}_{m} = \frac{M}{d_{H_{2}O}} - \frac{M}{d_{ice}} ...... (1)

where,    d_{H_{2}O} = density of water

              d_{ice} = density of ice

             M = molar mass of water = 18.02 \times 10^{-3} kg

Therefore, using formula in equation (1) we will calculate the volume of fusion as follows.

        \Delta V^{fusion}_{m} = \frac{M}{d_{H_{2}O}} - \frac{M}{d_{ice}}

                       = \frac{18.02 \times 10^{-3}}{997} - \frac{18.02 \times 10^{-3}}{920}  

                       = -1.51 \times 10^{-6}        

Therefore, calculate the required pressure as follows.

              \frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{22}{-1.51 \times 10^{-6}}

                              = 1.45 \times 10^{7} Pa/K

or,                           = 145 bar/K

Hence, for change of 1 degree pressure the decrease is 145 bar  and for 4.7 degree change dP = 145 \times 4.7 bar

                              = 681.5 bar

Thus, we can conclude that pressure should be increased by 681.5 bar to cause 4.7 degree change in melting point.

5 0
3 years ago
Write half reactions and the overall reaction occurred during discharging of acid lead battery.
Gre4nikov [31]
When  battery  discharge / delivering  current  the  lead  at  the  anode  is  oxidized
that  is ;
pb---->pb+  2e-
since  the  lead  ions  are  in  presence  of  aquous   sulfate  in  insoluble  lead  sulfate  precipitate onto the  electrode
the  overall   reaction  at  the  anode  is  therefore
Pb +  SO4^2-  ---> PbSO4  +  2e-
5 0
3 years ago
A chemical reaction produced 10.1 cm3 of nitrogen gas at 23 °C and 746 mmHg. What is the volume of this gas if the temperature a
adell [148]

Answer:

volume of gas = 9.1436cm³

Explanation:

We will only temperature from °C to K since the conversion is done by the addition of 273 to the Celsius value.

Its not necessary to convert pressure and volume as their conversions are done by multiplication and upon division using the combined gas equation, the factors used in their conversions will cancel out.

V1 =10.1cm³ , P1 =746mmHg,     T1=23°C =23+273=296k

V2 =? ,   P2 =760mmmHg ,     T2=0°C = 0+273 =273K

Using the combined gas equation to calculate for V2;

\frac{V1P1}{T1}=\frac{V2P2}{T2} \\ re-arranging, \\V2 =\frac{V1P1T2}{P2T1}

V2 =\frac{10.1*746*273}{760*296}

V2=9.1436cm³

6 0
3 years ago
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