Answer:
Concentration gradient
Explanation:
Concentration gradient of the ions across the membrane generates the membrane resting potential.
Concentration gradient means that there is unequal distribution of the ions on different sides of membrane. For example, the concentration of K ions is much higher within the cell then out of the cell. Opposite is with the Na ions. When ions move from the area of their higher concentration to the are with the lower concentration, we say they move down the gradient or diffuse (no energy required). On the other hand, movement of ions against their gradient means that this process requires energy and involves protein pumps.
Answer:
yes they increase the rate that the are working normally
Answer:
It could lead to the changes in the earths surface because it could open up geysers in the crater, causing the earths surface to change.
Answer:
The heart valves
Explanation:
The heart valves prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction in the heart. The valves are held in the proper place because of the chordae tendinae.
Answer: b. cell wall and chloroplast
Explanation:
