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3 years ago

How is lightning formed with explanation l?

Physics

1 answer:

creativ13 [48]3 years ago

7 0

Lightning is an electric current. Within a thundercloud way up in the sky, many small bits of ice (frozen raindrops) bump into each other as they move around in the air. All of those collisions create an electric charge. After a while, the whole cloud fills up with electrical charger

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A thin spherical spherical shell of radius R which carried a uniform surface charge density σ. Write an expression for the volum

ozzi

Answer:

Explanation:

From the given information:

We know that the thin spherical shell is on a uniform surface which implies that both the inside and outside the charge of the sphere are equal, Then

The volume charge distribution relates to the radial direction at r = R

∴

$\rho (r) \ \alpha \ \delta (r -R)$

$\rho (r) = k \ \delta (r -R) \ \ at \ \ (r = R)$

$\rho (r) = 0\ \ since \ r< R \ \ or \ \ r>R---- (1)$

To find the constant k, we examine the total charge Q which is:

$Q = \int \rho (r) \ dV = \int \sigma \times dA$

$Q = \int \rho (r) \ dV = \sigma \times4 \pi R^2$

∴

$\int ^{2 \pi}_{0} \int ^{\pi}_{0} \int ^{R}_{0} \rho (r) r^2sin \theta \ dr \ d\theta \ d\phi = \sigma \times 4 \pi R^2$

$\int^{2 \pi}_{0} d \phi* \int ^{\pi}_{0} \ sin \theta d \theta * \int ^{R}_{0} k \delta (r -R) * r^2dr = \sigma \times 4 \pi R^2$

$(2 \pi)(2) * \int ^{R}_{0} k \delta (r -R) * r^2dr = \sigma \times 4 \pi R^2$

Thus;

$k * 4 \pi \int ^{R}_{0} \delta (r -R) * r^2dr = \sigma \times R^2$

$k * \int ^{R}_{0} \delta (r -R) r^2dr = \sigma \times R^2$

$k * R^2= \sigma \times R^2$

$k = R^2 --- (2)$

Hence, from equation (1), if k = $\sigma$

$\mathbf{\rho (r) = \delta* \delta (r -R) \ \ at \ \ (r=R)}$

$\mathbf{\rho (r) =0 \ \ at \ \ rR}$

To verify the units:

$\mathbf{\rho (r) =\sigma \ * \ \delta (r-R)}$

↓ ↓ ↓

c/m³ c/m³ × 1/m

Thus, the units are verified.

The integrated charge Q

$Q = \int \rho (r) \ dV \\ \\ Q = \int ^{2 \ \pi}_{0} \int ^{\pi}_{0} \int ^R_0 \rho (r) \ \ r^2 \ \ sin \theta \ dr \ d\theta \ d \phi \\ \\ Q = \int ^{2 \pi}_{0} \ d \phi \int ^{\pi}_{0} \ sin \theta \int ^R_{0} \rho (r) r^2 \ dr$

$Q = (2 \pi) (2) \int ^R_0 \sigma * \delta (r-R) r^2 \ dr$

$Q = 4 \pi \sigma \int ^R_0 * \delta (r-R) r^2 \ dr$

$Q = 4 \pi \sigma *R^2$ since $( \int ^{xo}_{0} (x -x_o) f(x) \ dx = f(x_o) )$

$\mathbf{Q = 4 \pi R^2 \sigma }$

6 0

3 years ago

Suppose a sound wave and an electromagnetic wave have the same frequency. Which has the longer wavelength? 1. the electromagneti

Mashcka [7]

Answer:

1. the electromagnetic wave.

Explanation:

Mathematically,

wavelength = velocity ÷ frequency

A mechanical wave is a wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum. Mechanical waves require a medium in order to transport their energy from one location to another. A sound wave is an example of a mechanical wave. Sound waves are incapable of traveling through a vacuum.

Electromagnetic waves of different frequency are called by different names since they have different sources and effects on matter, increasing frequency decreases wavelength.

Sound waves (which obviously travel at the speed of sound) are much slower than electromagnetic waves (which travel at the speed of light.)

Electromagnetic waves are much faster than sound waves and If the Velocity of the wave increases and the frequency is constant, the wavelength also increases.

7 0

3 years ago

Rachel collected data on the speed of sound waves passing through different media.

Helga [31]

The conclusion is, medium Q is most likely a solid because solids have the highest density and sound waves travel fastest in high density media.

<h3>Effect of density on speed of sound</h3>

Sound wave is mechanical wave that requires material medium for its propagation.

A high dense medium, is a medium with closely packed molecules. Since sound wave requires material medium for its propagation, it will travel faster in a high dense medium than a less dense medium.

Thus, the speed of sound increases as the density of the medium increases.

<h3>Speed of sound in the different media</h3>

The conclusion that can be made from the speed of sound in the different media is "Medium Q is most likely a solid because solids have the highest density and sound waves travel fastest in high density media".

Learn more about effect of density on speed of sound here: brainly.com/question/3323620

7 0

2 years ago

Katrina’s recipe for orange muffins calls for 400 grams of flour. How many kilograms of flour are in the recipe?

aliina [53]

Answer:

0.4 Kilograms of flour

Explanation:

If you convert 400 grams into kilograms (400 ÷ 1,000), you would get 0.4 kilograms.

3 0

3 years ago

Can you please send me the answers of these pls <br>I will make you brainlist <br>

olga nikolaevna [1]

Answer:

a)= technology is any appliances which makes our work very fast without much manual effort.It is used to make our life simple and easy.

3 0

3 years ago