Answer: The energy transferred is known as kinetic energy, and it depends on the mass and speed achieved.
Burning of oil,gases and coal are the antropogenic source of co2
It was due to the metal foil in which the alpha particles can't even pass through. This experiment conducted by Rutherford led to the discovery of protons.
Answer:

How does a balanced chemical equation verify the law of conservation of matter?

According to the Law conservation of matter
Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. That is, the total mass of the elements present in the products of a chemical reaction has to be equal to the total mass of the elements present in the reactants. In other words, the number of atoms of each element remains the same, before and after a chemical reaction. Hence, we need to balance the skeletal chemical equation.

Proton, if I remember correctly. Would you like me to link you to some charts and stuff that'll help you?