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vodomira [7]
3 years ago
11

2. A fluid at 14.7 psi (lb-f per square inch) with kinematic viscosity (????????) 1.8 x10-4 ft2/sec and density(????????) 0.076

lb/ft3 enters a 10 inch diameter pipe with a uniform velocity and a Reynolds number 1000. Determine the decrease in pressure going from the entrance to 100 inch downstream the entrance. The entrance length, LLee is given by, LLee = 0.0288DD. RRRRDD. (Hint: calculate the pressure drop separately between 1 and 2 and between 2 and 3 because the region 1-2 shows developing flow and region 2-3 shows developed flow) region. The flow becomes fully developed after the entrance length, LLee. The thickness of the boundary layer 1 −� given as ????????(xx) = 5.0xxRRRR 2. Show that entrance length for this flow can be expressed LL = 0.01DD. RRRR . xxeeDD

Engineering
1 answer:
jenyasd209 [6]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

We are going to define Pressure drop as the difference in total pressure between two points of a fluid carrying network. A pressure drop usually occurs when frictional forces, caused by the resistance to flow, act on a fluid as it flows through the tube.

See attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.

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1. A cylindrical casting is 0.3 m in diameter and 0.5 m in length. Another casting has the same metal is rectangular in cross-se
Lorico [155]

Based on the Chvorinov's rule, the diference in the <em>solidification</em> times of the two castings is 14.092 times the <em>solidification</em> time of the prism casting.

<h3>How to apply the Chvorinov's rule for casting processes</h3>

The Chvorinov's rule is an empirical method to estimate the cooling time of a casting in terms of a <em>reference</em> time. This rule states that cooling time (<em>t</em>) is directly proportional to the square of the volume (<em>V</em>), in cubic meters, divided to the surface area (<em>A</em>), in square meters. Now we proceed to model each casting:

<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>

t = C · [0.25π · D² · L/(0.5π · D² + π · D · L)]²

t = C · [0.25 · D · L/(0.5 · D + L)]²    (1)

<h3>Prism casting</h3>

t' = C · [3 · T² · L/(6 · T · L + 2 · T · L + 6 · T²)]²

t' = C · [3 · T · L/(8 · L + 6 · T)]²     (2)

<h3>Relationship between the cross sections of both castings</h3>

3 · T² = 0.25π · D²     (3)

Where:

  • <em>t</em> - Cooling time of the cylindrical casting, in time unit.
  • <em>t'</em> - Cooling time of the prism casting, in time unit.
  • <em>C</em> - Cooling factor, in time unit per square meter.
  • <em>D</em> - Diameter of the cylinder, in meters.
  • <em>L</em> - Length of the casting, in meters.
  • <em>T</em> - Width of the cross section of the prism casting, in meters.

If we know that <em>D =</em> <em>0.3 m</em>, then the thickness of the prism casting is:

T = \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{12} }\cdot D

<em>T ≈ 0.153 m</em>

<em />

And (1) and (2) simplified into these forms:

<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>

t = C · {0.25π · (0.3 m) · (0.5 m)/[0.5 · (0.3 m) + 0.5 m]}²

t = 0.0329 · C     (1b)

<h3>Prism casting</h3>

t' = C · {3 · (0.153 m) · (0.5 m)/[8 · (0.5 m) + 6 · (0.153 m)]}²

t' = 0.00218 · C     (2b)

Lastly we find the <em>percentual</em> difference in the solidification times of the two castings by using the following expression:

<em>r = (</em>1 <em>- t'/t) ×</em> 100 %

<em>r = (</em>1 <em>-</em> 0.00218<em>/</em>0.0329<em>) ×</em> 100 %

<em>r =</em> 93.374 %

The <em>cooling</em> time of the <em>prism</em> casting is 6.626 % of the <em>solidification</em> time of the <em>cylindrical</em> casting. The diference in the <em>solidification</em> times of the two castings is 14.092 times the <em>solidification</em> time of the <em>prism</em> casting. \blacksquare

To learn more on solidification times, we kindly invite to check this verified question: brainly.com/question/13536247

3 0
2 years ago
If you are sampling a 50Hz signal, what is the minimum sampling rate necessary to prevent aliasing?Why?
horsena [70]

Answer:

100Hz

Explanation:

The minimum sampling rate to prevent aliasing is at least double your sample frequency.

50*2 = 100Hz

This is called the Nyquist Sampling Rate if you wanna learn more about it.

6 0
3 years ago
g A pump is required to deliver 100 gpm at a head of 100 ft, but the pump rated capacity is 150 gpm at a head of 100 ft. If the
Thepotemich [5.8K]

Answer: valving the pump discharge to reduce the flow will only result in an increase in the water velocity according to the laws of continuity of flow.

Q = AV = constant.

The pump speed of 150 gpm is, and will remain constant. Valving simply reduces flow area A, which is balanced out by increased velocity V of water through the pipe.

This does not affect the pump speed Q (flow rate) and hence it remains the same.

8 0
3 years ago
1. Consider a city of 10 square kilometers. A macro cellular system design divides the city up into square cells of 1 square kil
kakasveta [241]

Answer:

a) n = 1000\,users, b)\Delta t_{min} = \frac{1}{30}\,h, \Delta t_{max} = \frac{\sqrt{2} }{30}\,h, \Delta t_{mean} = \frac{1 + \sqrt{2} }{60}\,h, c) n = 10000000\,users, \Delta t_{min} = \frac{1}{3000}\,h, \Delta t_{max} = \frac{\sqrt{2} }{3000}\,h, \Delta t_{mean} = \frac{1 + \sqrt{2} }{6000}\,h

Explanation:

a) The total number of users that can be accomodated in the system is:

n = \frac{10\,km^{2}}{1\,\frac{km^{2}}{cell} }\cdot (100\,\frac{users}{cell} )

n = 1000\,users

b) The length of the side of each cell is:

l = \sqrt{1\,km^{2}}

l = 1\,km

Minimum time for traversing a cell is:

\Delta t_{min} = \frac{l}{v}

\Delta t_{min} = \frac{1\,km}{30\,\frac{km}{h} }

\Delta t_{min} = \frac{1}{30}\,h

The maximum time for traversing a cell is:

\Delta t_{max} = \frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot l }{v}

\Delta t_{max} = \frac{\sqrt{2} }{30}\,h

The approximate time is giving by the average of minimum and maximum times:

\Delta t_{mean} = \frac{1+\sqrt{2} }{2}\cdot\frac{l}{v}

\Delta t_{mean} = \frac{1 + \sqrt{2} }{60}\,h

c) The total number of users that can be accomodated in the system is:

n = \frac{10\times 10^{6}\,m^{2}}{100\,m^{2}}\cdot (100\,\frac{users}{cell} )

n = 10000000\,users

The length of each side of the cell is:

l = \sqrt{100\,m^{2}}

l = 10\,m

Minimum time for traversing a cell is:

\Delta t_{min} = \frac{l}{v}

\Delta t_{min} = \frac{0.01\,km}{30\,\frac{km}{h} }

\Delta t_{min} = \frac{1}{3000}\,h

The maximum time for traversing a cell is:

\Delta t_{max} = \frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot l }{v}

\Delta t_{max} = \frac{\sqrt{2} }{3000}\,h

The approximate time is giving by the average of minimum and maximum times:

\Delta t_{mean} = \frac{1+\sqrt{2} }{2}\cdot\frac{l}{v}

\Delta t_{mean} = \frac{1 + \sqrt{2} }{6000}\,h

8 0
3 years ago
Ann’s Retail, a women’s clothing store, hires female attendants to assist clients in the store’s dressing rooms. Larry, a male,
mojhsa [17]

Answer:

A bona fide occupational qualification defense

Explanation:

Since the store is for women clothing, the retail may prefer to employ only female to assist the customers.  Under a bona fide occupational qualification defense, an employer is allowed to discriminate if a characteristic is a necessity for the performance of the job and for the business. Therefore, the store has a bona fide occupational qualification defense.

3 0
3 years ago
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