Answer:
Protons , neutrons and elections
Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
a it is always zero
b 0
c 
Explanation:ss
Here the net charge is on the outer surface of the conductor thus this means that the net charge inside the conductor is zero
Generally the charge density of a conductor is dependent on the charge per unit area which implies that the charge density is dependent on the net charge so this means that the charge density inside the conductor is zero
Generally the direction of electric field this from the positive charge to the negative charge so from the question we can deduce that the negative charge is located on the surface of the conductor
So We can mathematically define the charge density on the surface of the electric field as
∮
Where E is the electric field
change in unit area
is the negative charge
is the permittivity of free space
So



Where
is the charge density
Answer:
Hence the answer is E inside
.
Explanation:
E inside
so if r1 will be the same then
E
proportional to 1/R3
so if R become 2R
E becomes 1/8 of the initial electric field.
8.1) Here, Pressure increases with depth in the ocean at higher rate then that of increase in altitude in atmosphere. So, the rate of change of pressure is different in these journeys.So, your most correct answer would be option D.
8.2) Difference in the shape of lines is due to different density of air & water. So, that physical property and your answer would be option A
So, in Short Answers of your questions are:
8.1) - Option D
8.2) - Option A
Hope this helps!