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2 years ago

How do water molecules behave?

1 answer:

6 0

Water is polar meaning that it has prominent areas of negative and positive charge. Among water molecules there is a weak force called hydrogen bonding which causes the molecules to "stick" to one another. This sticking to itself is called cohesion, and it causes water to ball up into droplets. This same force also causes water to stick to other kinds of molecules. This is called adhesion, and it is what causes water to ride up on the side of a water container slightly.

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Rank the following elements by effective nuclear charge, Zeff, for a valence electron. F LI Be B N

Stels [109]

Answer:

Rank in increasing order of effective nuclear charge:

Li < Be < B < N < F

Explanation:

This explains the meaning of effective nuclear charge, Zeff, how to determine it, and the calculations for a valence electron of each of the five given elements: F, Li, Be, B, and N.

1) Effective nuclear charge definitions

While the total positive charge of the atom nucleus (Z) is equal to the number of protons, the electrons farther away from the nucleus experience an effective nuclear charge (Zeff) less than the total nuclear charge, due to the fact that electrons in between the nucleus and the outer electrons partially cancel the atraction from the nucleus.

Such effect on on a valence electron is estimated as the atomic number less the number of electrons closer to the nucleus than the electron whose effective nuclear charge is being determined: Zeff = Z - S.

2) Z eff for a F valence electron:

F's atomic number: Z = 9
Total number of electrons: 9 (same numer of protons)
Period: 17 (search in the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 7 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 9 - 7 = 2
Zeff = Z - S = 9 - 2 = 7

3) Z eff for a Li valence eletron:

Li's atomic number: Z = 3
Total number of electrons: 3 (same number of protons)
Period: 1 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 1 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 3 - 1 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 3 - 2 = 1.

4) Z eff for a Be valence eletron:

Be's atomic number: Z = 4
Total number of electrons: 4 (same number of protons)
Period: 2 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 2 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 4 - 2 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 4 - 2 = 2

5) Z eff for a B valence eletron:

B's atomic number: Z = 5
Total number of electrons: 5 (same number of protons)
Period: 13 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 3 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 5 - 3 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 5 - 2 = 3

6) Z eff for a N valence eletron:

N's atomic number: Z = 7
Total number of electrons: 7 (same number of protons)
Period: 15 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 5 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 7 - 5 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 7 - 2 = 5

7) Summary (order):

Atom Zeff for a valence electron

Li 1

Be 2

Conclusion: the order is Li < Be < B < N < F

6 0

2 years ago

Is the salt solution in the Dead Sea dilute, concentrated or saturated? Explain.

dexar [7]

The waters of the Dead Sea are extremely saline, and, generally, the concentration of salt increases toward the lake's bottom. ... The deep water was saturated with sodium chloride , which precipitated to the bottom.

5 0

1 year ago

Cellular respiration release co2 and photosynthesis absorbs co2. these two reactions are part of which biogeochemical cycle?

Naddika [18.5K]

The metabolic process that takes place in an organism's cells is called cellular respiration. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration contribute carbon dioxide to the biogeochemical cycle.

What is biogeochemical cycle?

The mechanism that distributes and circulates abiotic chemical elements among the various realms of the planet is known as the biogeochemical cycle. The carbon, water, nitrogen, phosphorus cycle, etc. are all included.

Carbon dioxide is released during cellular respiration as a waste gas into the atmosphere, where it is then taken by plants to produce energy, which is then utilized by the organism, which then releases more carbon dioxide. The ecological chain's carbon cycle continues from the producer to the consumer.

Therefore, the carbon cycle is influenced by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Learn more about the biogeochemical cycle here:

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4 0

1 year ago

Rays of light incident on a lens and parallel to the principal axis of the lens converge

malfutka [58]

Your answer is going to be B. at the focal point of the lens. :)

4 0

2 years ago

3 Cells use oxygen to release energy during

Tamiku [17]

Answer:

Explanation: Cellular respiration is the process that occurs in the mitochondria of organisms (animals and plants) to break down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP. This process releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products.

4 0

1 year ago

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