The 10% rule means that approximately there will be only 10% energy transferred from a trophic level into another. That was because the consumer on the upper level will use the energy before it was consumed. About 90% of the energy used so only 10% remain will be transferred.
Example: an antler eating grass with a total 100 calories. Then the antler is moving and growing, using 90 calories. Then a lion eats the antler, but the energy remains is only 10 calorie because 90 calories are already used.
At the complete combustion of butane the carbon dioxide and water are formed.
2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ = 8CO₂ + 10H₂O
C₄H₁₀ ⇒ 4CO₂, 5H₂O ⇒ 13O ⇒ 6.5O₂
we use integer coefficients: 8CO₂, 10H₂O, 13O₂
Thermal energy:
About to submit this quiz ill comment if I'm wrong
Answer:
positive ion is a Cation while a negative ion is called an anion
