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Answer:
F_ab = 260.17 N
Explanation:
Given:
- Moment of force F about CD, (M)_cd = 57 Nm
Find:
- First we will write down the position vectors of points A, B , C , D:
- We will take left and bottom most corner of cube to be the origin.
- The unit vectors i , j , k are along vertical planes and outside the plane, respectively.
- The position vectors wrt to the origin are:
Point A = 0.2 k
Point B = 0.4 i + 0.2 j
Point C = 0.2 j + 0.4 k
Point D = 0.4 i + 0.4 k
- Now we will determine the Force vector F_ab along vector AB.
vec (AB) = B - A = 0.4 i + 0.2 j - 0.2 k
unit (AB) = 0.4 i + 0.2 j - 0.2 k / sqrt ( 0.4^2 + 2*0.2^2)
= [5 / sqrt(6)] * ( 0.4 i + 0.2 j - 0.2 k )
Hence,
vec(F_ab) = Fab*[5 / sqrt(6)] * ( 0.4 i + 0.2 j - 0.2 k )
- Now, form a unit vector along the line CD:
vec(CD) = D - C = 0.4 i - 0.2 j
unit (CD) = 0.4 i - 0.2 j / sqrt ( 0.4^2 + 0.2^2)
= [sqrt(5)]*(0.4 i - 0.2 j)
- Now select a point on line CD, lets say C. Find the moment arm from line of action of force along AB and line CD. Hence, vector AC is:
vec(AC) =r_ac = C - A = 0.2 j + 0.2 k
- Now the moment about a line CD due to force is:
(M)_cd = unit(CD) . ( r_ac x vec(F_ab) )
The cross product of r_ac and vec(F_ab) is as follows:
(M)_c = ( r_ac x vec(F_ab) ) :
(M)_c = F_ab[- sqrt(6)/15 i + sqrt(6)/15 j - sqrt(6)/15 k]
The dot product of (M)_c and unit (CD) is as follows:
(M)_cd = unit(CD) . (M)_c :
(M)_cd = F_ab[- sqrt(6)/15 i + sqrt(6)/15 j - sqrt(6)/15 k] . [sqrt(5)]*(0.4 i - 0.2 j)
(M)_cd = F_ab*(sqrt(30) / 25)
- The given magnitude of the moment is (M)_cd. Calculate F_ab:
57 = F_ab*(sqrt(30) / 25)
F_ab = 260.17 N
An example that illustrates the difference is the circular motion
Explanation:
Let's start by reminding the definition of the two quantities:
- Speed is a scalar quantity that tells "how fast" an object is moving, regardless of its direction of motion.
Speed can be calculate as:
where:
d is the distance travelled
t is the time taken
- Velocity is instead a vector quantity, given by:
where;
d is the displacement of the object (displacement is a a vector connecting the initial position to the final position of motion)
t is the time taken
Since it is a vector, velocity has both a magnitude and a direction, therefore it also takes into account the direction of motion of the object.
For an object in motion in a straight line, speed and velocity are the same. However, this is not always the case.
In fact, an example of motion in which the two quantities are different is the circular motion. Consider for example the object making one complete revolution along the circle. Therefore, its average speed is the ratio between the length of the perimeter (the distance) divided by the time taken:
where r is the radius of the circle.
However, the displacement of the object is zero (because the object returns to the starting point), and so the average velocity is also zero:
Learn more about speed and velocity:
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