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Basile [38]
4 years ago
10

Let n be a positive integer and define [n] to be the set of the first n positive integers. That is, [n] = {1, 2, 3, . . . , n}.

We want to select two disjoint, possibly empty subsets A, B of [n]. In how many ways can we do this?
Mathematics
1 answer:
yaroslaw [1]4 years ago
6 0

Answer: There are 2^{n-1} ways of doing this

Hi!

To solve this problem we can think in term of binary numbers. Let's start with an example:

n=5,  A = {1, 2 ,3},  B = {4,5}

We can think of A as 11100, number 1 meaning "this element is in A" and number 0 meaning "this element is not in A"

And we can think of B as 00011.

Thinking like this, the empty set is 00000, and [n] =11111 (this is the case A=empty set, B=[n])

This representation is a 5 digit binary number. There are 2^5 of these numbers. Each one of this is a possible selection of A and B. But there are repetitions: 11100 is the same selection as 00011. So we have to divide by two. The total number of ways of selecting A and B is the 2^{5-1} = 2^4.

This can be easily generalized to n bits.

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