Natural selection requires variation between individuals. Mutations and reproduction increase genetic variation in a population. Natural selection occurs when environmental pressures favor certain traits that are passed on to offspring.
The atmosphere is divided into layers based on how the temperature in that layer changes with altitude, the layer's temperature gradient (Figure below). The temperature gradient of each layer is different. In some layers, temperature increases with altitude and in others it decreases.
Answer:
Cardiac muscle is controlled involuntary, whereas skeletal muscle is voluntary.
Explanation:
Answer:
2 electrons
8 electrons
8 electrons
1 electron (just count in the rings for these ones)
19 protons (it says "P=19" in the middle. The P stands for Protons)
K (it's from Latin medieval Latin "kalium")
39 (add proton and neutron amounts to get the approximate atomic mass--electrons are negligible)
Explanation:
Answer:
HCl will dissociate more fully and produce more H₃O⁺ ions.
Explanation:
HCl is strong acid and it dissociate fully and produce more H₃O⁺ ions as compared to the HF.
Although H-F is stronger bond as compared to the HCl but stability of product also count, and fluorine ions F⁻ which are formed after dissociation are not more stable as Cl⁻ ions.
Both F⁻ and Cl⁻ are carried -1 charge, but in case of chloride ions negative charge is spread over large surface area while in case of fluorine it is restricted to small surface. Thus F⁻ are becomes unstable.
Thus in dissociation equilibrium is shifted to wards HF and cause lower dissociation.
