Answer:
-80 J
Explanation:
The first law of thermodynamics states that:
where
is the change in internal energy of the system
Q is the heat absorbed by the system
W is the work done by the system
In this problem, we have:
Q = -30 J is the heat released by the system (negative because the system releases it)
W = +50 J is the work done by the system on the surrounding (positive since it is done by the system)
Therefore, the change in internal energy is
The final velocity after the collision is 8.2 m/s
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by using the law of conservation of momentum: in fact, if we consider the system to be isolated (=no external unbalanced forces), the total momentum of the raindrop+mosquito must be conserved before and after the collision.
If the collision is perfectly inelastic, moreover, the raindrop and the mosquito stick together and travel at the same velocity v after the collision.
Mathematically:
where:
is the mass of the first mosquito
is the initial velocity of the mosquito
is the mass of the raindrop
is the initial velocity of the raindrop
is the final combined velocity of the raindrop+mosquito
Re-arranging the equation and substituting, we find:
Learn more about momentum here:
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