The answers that apply are;
- The production of ATP from ADP is non-spontaneous.
- The production of ATP from ADP is endothermic.
The formation of ATP from ADP is not spontaneous (requires energy input) and is why it requires an enzyme (ATP synthase) to reduce the activation energy and catalyze the reaction. The reaction absorbs energy and this is why ATP is used to reserve energy in the Pi bond for later use (through hydrolysis of the bond).
Option A: Clouds
In the morning, air is cool and as sun begins to rise it starts increasing the temperature of air. By time, the air becomes warmer and warmer. Depending upon the surrounding conditions, air in different areas heat up at different rates.
Due to this heating, thermal formation takes place, this is due to uneven heating of surface of earth. The thermal formation at surface causes difference in temperature of surface of the earth and air around it. The warm air has tendency to rise thus, the air in the thermal rise and expand. Due to expansion it cools down, this process continues till the temperature of thermal air reaches equals to the temperature of surrounding air. This results in the formation of cloud.
Thus, when a humid air mass rises into a cooler temperature area, clouds formation takes place
The isotopes of a particular element behave differently in nuclear reactions but the same in chemical reactions because the nuclear reactions involve changes to protons and neutrons in an atom and isotopes differ in neutrons and so they react differently to nuclear changes. While for chemical reactions, the electrons in an atom are involved but the isotopes do not differ in electrons and so they react the same way during chemical changes.
Answer: Option A & C
<u>Explanation:</u>
The reactants of chemical and nuclear reactions are different. The reactants of chemical reactions are the electrons present in the outermost shell of the reactants, while the reactants of nuclear reactions are either the nuclei of reactants or a nuclei and any subatomic particles of other reactants.
Thus it can be understood that chemical reactions consider the electrons while nuclear reactions consider the nuclei or the number of protons and neutrons of the reactants.
The isotopes of elements contain different mass number or we can say different number of neutrons but the number of electrons are same, so they behave differently in nuclear reactions and similar in chemical reactions.