hi, so the material that would normally form mineral crystals does not have time to form a crystalline structure because of very rapid cooling after volcanically erupting into the air or onto the surface. Obsidian is a volcanic glass.
So, insulation essentially works by creating a sort of barrier between the hot and the cold object. This barrier helps to reduce heat transfer by either reflecting the thermal radiation or by decreasing thermal conduction and convection from one object to the other.
