What is the resistance of an object to moving or to stopping

A long metal cylinder with radius a is supported on an insulating stand on the axis of a long, hollow, metal tube with radius b.

bija089 [108]

a)

i) Potential for r < a: $V(r)=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln(\frac{b}{a})$

ii) Potential for a < r < b: $V(r)=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln\frac{b}{r}$

iii) Potential for r > b: $V(r)=0$

b) Potential difference between the two cylinders: $V_{ab}=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln(\frac{b}{a})$

c) Electric field between the two cylinders: $E=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} \frac{1}{r}$

Explanation:

a)

Here we want to calculate the potential for r < a.

Before calculating the potential, we have to keep in mind that the electric field outside an infinite wire or an infinite cylinder uniformly charged is

$E=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0 r}$

where

$\lambda$ is the linear charge density

r is the distance from the wire/surface of the cylinder

By integration, we find an expression for the electric potential at a distance of r:

$V(r) =\int Edr = \frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln(r)$

Inside the cylinder, however, the electric field is zero, because the charge contained by the Gaussian surface is zero:

$E=0$

So the potential where the electric field is zero is constant:

$V=const.$

iii) We start by evaluating the potential in the region r > b. Here, the net electric field is zero, because the Gaussian surface of radius r here contains a positive charge density $+\lambda$ and an equal negative charge density $-\lambda$ . Therefore, the net charge is zero, so the electric field is zero.

This means that the electric potential is constant, so we can write:

$\Delta V= V(r) - V(b) = 0\\\rightarrow V(r)=V(b)$

However, we know that the potential at b is zero, so

$V(r)=V(b)=0$

ii) The electric field in the region a < r < b instead it is given only by the positive charge $+\lambda$ distributed over the surface of the inner cylinder of radius a, therefore it is

$E=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi r \epsilon_0}$

And so the potential in this region is given by:

$V(r)=\int\limits^b_r {Edr} = \frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} (ln(b)-ln(r))=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln\frac{b}{r}$ (1)

i) Finally, the electric field in the region r < a is zero, because the charge contained in this region is zero (we are inside the surface of the inner cylinder of radius a):

E = 0

This means that the potential in this region remains constant, and it is equal to the potential at the surface of the inner cylinder, so calculated at r = a, which can be calculated by substituting r = a into expression (1):

$V(a)=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln(\frac{b}{a})$

And so, for r<a,

$V(r)=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln(\frac{b}{a})$

b)

Here we want to calculate the potential difference between the surface of the inner cylinder and the surface of the outer cylinder.

We have:

- Potential at the surface of the inner cylinder:

$V(a)=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln(\frac{b}{a})$

- Potential at the surface of the outer cylinder:

$V(b)=0$

Therefore, the potential difference is simply equal to

$V_{ab}=V(a)-V(b)=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln(\frac{b}{a})$

c)

Here we want to find the magnitude of the electric field between the two cylinders.

The expression for the electric potential between the cylinders is

$V(r)=\int\limits^b_r {Edr} = \frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} (ln(b)-ln(r))=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} ln\frac{b}{r}$

The electric field is just the derivative of the electric potential:

$E=-\frac{dV}{dr}$

so we can find it by integrating the expression for the electric potential. We find:

$E=-\frac{d}{dr}(\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} (ln(b)-ln(r))=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi \epsilon_0} \frac{1}{r}$

So, this is the expression of the electric field between the two cylinders.

Learn more about electric fields:

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That's called "refraction".

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(If you let go of it, it will gain 88.2 joules of kinetic energy as it falls
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