Since the half-reaction is occurring in a basic solution, add 32OH− to each side of the equation to eliminate the H+ ions.
P₄ +16H₂O + 32OH⁻ ⟶ 4PO₃⁻⁴ + 32H⁺ +32OH⁻
Final reaction :
P₄ + 32OH⁻ ⟶ 4PO₃⁻⁴ + 16H₂O + 20e⁻
A half reaction is either the oxidation or reduction reaction component of a redox reaction. A half reaction is obtained by considering the change in oxidation states of individual substances involved in the redox reaction.
The concept of half-reactions is used to describe what occurs in an electrochemical cell, such as a Galvanic cell battery. Half-reactions can be written to describe both the metal undergoing oxidation (known as the anode) and the metal undergoing reduction (known as the cathode).
Half-reactions are often used as a method of balancing redox reactions. For oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, one will need to add H+ ions to balance the hydrogen ions in the half reaction.
For oxidation-reduction reactions in basic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, first treat it as an acidic solution and then add OH- ions to balance the H+ ions in the half reactions (which would give H2O).
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It has a positive charge of 1
B. 1, 1, 1, 2
Explanation:
You only need to balance the NaNO3 on the right. Since there is 2 NO3 on the left, you need to put a 2 in front of the NaNO3 on the right. Everything else is already balanced so the only coefficient needed is 2 in front of the NaNO3.
As thermal energy increases and there is more particle movement.
- Thermal energy is the energy possessed by the system or object due to the movement of its particles.
- For example kinetic energy of the particles
- Higher the motion of the particles more will be the thermal energy of the system or object and vice-versa
- It is also termed as heat energy of a system or object
- The higher the thermal energy, the higher will be the temperature and vice versa.
So, from this, we can conclude that as thermal energy increases and there is more particle movement.
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Answer:
kb = 2,0x10⁻⁵
Explanation:
The ka for HCN is:
HCN ⇄ H⁺ + CN⁻; ka = 4,9x10⁻¹⁰ <em>(1)</em>
The inverse reaction has an equilibrium constant of:
H⁺ + CN⁻ ⇄ HCN k = 1/4,9x10⁻¹⁰ = 2,0x10⁹ <em>(2)</em>
As the equilibrium of the water is:
H₂O ⇄ H⁺ + OH⁻; kw = 1x10⁻¹⁴ <em>(3)</em>
The sum of (2) + (3) gives:
H₂O + CN⁻ ⇄ HCN + OH⁻; kb = kw×k = 1x10⁻¹⁴×2,0x10⁹ =
2,0x10⁻⁶; <em>kb = 2,0x10⁻⁵</em>
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<em>-In fact, the general formula to convert from ka to kb is:</em>
<em>kb = kw / ka-</em>
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I hope it helps!
