Question

A student wants to determine the impulse delivered to the lab cart when it runs into the wall. The student measures the mass of the cart and the velocity of the cart before it hits the wall.
What other measurement is necessary to calculate the impulse delivered to the lab cart?

the velocity of the cart after it hits the wall
the force exerted on the cart by the wall
the time the cart is in contact with the wall
the acceleration of the cart before it hits the wall

Answer 1

Impulse = Force * times and also Impulse = change in momentum.

Given that the mass does not change, change if momentum = mass * (final velocity -  initial velocity)

Given that you know mass and initial velocity (which is the velicity before the cart hits the wall) you need the final velocity (which is the velocity after the cart hits the wall).

Answer: the velocity of the cart after it hits the wall.