The eroded rock and soil materials that are transported downstream by a river are called its load. A river transports, or carries, its load in three different ways: in solution, in suspension, and in its bed load.
Mineral matter that has been dissolved from bedrock is carried in solution. Common minerals carried in solution by rivers include dissolved calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Most of a river’s solution load comes from groundwater seeping into the river. Before it reaches the stream,thegroundwaterhastraveledthroughfracturesinthebedrock, chemically eroding rock along the way.
When river water looks muddy, it is carrying rock material in suspension. Suspended material includes clay, silt, and fine sand. Although these suspended materials are heavier than water, the turbulence of the stream flow stirs them up and keeps them from sinking. Turbulence includes swirls and eddies that form in water as a result of friction between the stream and its channel. The faster a stream flows, the more turbulent and muddy it becomes. A rough or irregular channel also increases turbulence.
A river may also transport rock materials in its bed load. The bed load consists of sand, pebbles, and boulders that are too heavy to be carried in suspension. These heavier materials are moved along the streambed, especially during floods. Boulders and pebbles roll or slide along the river bed. Large sand grains are pushed along the bottom in a series of jumps and bounces.
The relative amounts of a river’s load that are carried in solution, in suspension, and in the bed load depend on the nature of the river, the climate, the type of bedrock, and the season of the year. As a general rule, most of the load carried by the world’s streams and rivers is carried in suspension. The size of a river’s suspended load increases with human land use. Road and building construction and removal of vegetation make it easier for rain to wash sediment into streams and rivers.
The minimum velocity of the Salmon jumping at the given angle is 12.3 m/s.
The given parameters;
- height of the waterfall, h = 0.432 m
- distance of the Salmon from the waterfall, s = 3.17 m
- angle of projection of the Salmon, = 30.8º
The time of motion to fall from 0.432 m is calculated as;
The minimum velocity of the Salmon jumping at the given angle is calculated as;
Thus, the minimum velocity of the Salmon jumping at the given angle is 12.3 m/s.
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Answer:
310.5 J
Explanation:
The total work done by Martha is equal to the increase in gravitational potential energy of the package, which is equal to
where
(mg) = 45 N is the weight of the package
is the increase in height of the package
The package is carried up 3 flights of stairs, each one with a height of 2.3 m, so the total increase in heigth is
And so, the work done by Martha is
Lower resistivity means higher conductivity: among these materials, the best conductor is silver, therefore it must be the material with lowest resistivity among those. We can also have a look at the value of resistivity of the different materials listed in the problem, to check our answer. The resistivities of the materials are the following:
Wood:
Salt water:
Silver:
Lead:
<span>We see that the material with lowest resistivity among those is silver, therefore the correct answer is silver.</span>
Answer:
Behaves as a wave.
Explanation:
The dual nature of light means that light behaves as a wave. If the light consisted of small particles, the alternating light and dark bands would not have occurred.
Sometimes it behaves like a particle (called a photon), which explains how light travels in straight lines.
