Mass=density*volume
1*40=40g/0.04kg
To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to Malus' law. Malus' law indicates that the intensity of a linearly polarized ray of light that passes through a perfect analyzer with a vertical optical axis is equivalent to:

Indicates the intensity of the light before passing through the Polarizer,
I = The resulting intensity, and
= Indicates the angle between the axis of the analyzer and the polarization axis of the incident light.
There is 3 polarizer, then
For the exit of the first polarizer we have that the intensity is,

For the third polarizer then we have,

Replacing with the first equation,



Therefore the transmitted intensity now is
of the initial intensity.
The different types of energy transfers are convection, conduction, and radiation.
I'm not too sure on the second one but thermodynamics relates thermal energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy. I'm basing this on the formulas of the laws of thermodynamics, but it could also be temperature, heat, or work.
We know that
• The sphere diameter is 8.55 cm.
,
• The temperature change is from 30 C to 155 C.
First, we have to find the radius of the sphere. The radius is the half diameter.

Now we have to find the volume of the sphere using the following formula.

Where r = 4.275 cm.

Then, we use the following formula

Where the initial volume is 327.26 cubic cm, B is a constant about thermal expansion for aluminum, and we have to find the final volume to then calculate the percentage change.

This means that the volume change is 3.07 cubic centimeters.
At last, we have to divide the volume change by the initial volume, and then we have to multiply it by 100% to express it as a percentage.

<h2>Therefore, the percentage change is 0.938%.</h2>
Answer:
A. an alcohol - induced blackout