24) B. Energy enters and exits the system matter does not
25) B. Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is transformed and transferred.
Explanation:
24)
There are three types of systems in thermodynamics:
- Open system: an open system is a system in which both matter and energy are exchanged with the surroundings. An example of open system is an open bottle with some liquid inside.
- Closed system: a closed system is a system in which matter is exchanged with the surroundings, but energy cannot enter and exit the system. An example of closed system is a closed bottle: in fact, the air and the liquid cannot enter or exit the bottle, but heat can be exchanged through the walls of the bottle.
- Isolated system: an isolated system is a system in which neither matter nor energy can be exchanged with the surroundings. An example of isolated system is a sealed thermal container: in fact, air/liquid cannot leave the bottle, and heat cannot pass through the walls.
Therefore, the statement that best describes the island food web as a closed system is
B. Energy enters and exits the system matter does not
25)
The law of conservation of energy states that for an isolated system, the total energy of the system is constant: therefore, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only transformed or transferred into different forms.
The Universe is an example of isolated system: as we assume that there is nothing outside the universe, the total energy of the universe must be constant.
An example of application of the law of conservation of energy is for an object in free fall: as the ball falls, if there are no frictional forces/air resistance acting on the ball, the total energy of the ball (given by the sum of its potential energy and its kinetic energy) is constant, and therefore as the ball falls down, there is a conversion of energy from potential energy to kinetic energy.
Therefore, the correct choice is
B. Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is transformed and transferred.
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