We are going to use table salt, NaCl as an example.
(s) = solid, eg the salt you put on your food is a crystalline solid.
(l) = liquid, if you melt salt it take on a liquid form
(g) = gaseous, if you put enough energy in the salt will turn into a gas.
(aq) = aqueous, meaning in water or another solvent. If you put some table salt in water and stir it, it will dissolve, the NaCl molecules dont get destroyed but they dissolve becoming part of the liquid.
Periodic table is arranged and organized with special pattern or regular variation of the properties of an element with increasing atomic number, this is called periodic trend. So periodic trend look like a repeating pattern on the periodic table.
Some of the trends are density, atomic radius,melting point, boiling point, electronegativity etc.
Molecules in food contain chemical energy that cells use to produce ATP = adenosine triphosphate.