Colligative properties depend on the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. These set of properties do not depend on the type of species present. These properties include freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure and vapor pressure lowering.
The rate of a chemical reaction can be raised by increasing the surface area of a solid reactant. This is done by cutting the substance into small pieces, or by grinding it into a powder.
Gamma rays
Explanation:
Every member of the electromagnetic radiation has commensurate amount of energy, wavelength and frequencies.
The electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequencies are the gamma rays.
- Gamma rays also are the most energetic electromagnetic radiation.
- The short wavelength of gamma rays suggests that more waves passes with times.
- It's high frequency shows that a high amount of wave passes through a point at each passing of time.
- These factors combines to give its high energy. Energy of an electromagnetic radiation is a factor of its wavelength and frequency.
- Gamma rays are ionizing radiations which causes ionization of gas molecules.
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To yield an alcohol from an alkane, one reaction could be from alkyl halide through hydrolysis reaction. The alkyl halide should be pentyl chloride. When you add water to it, the OH⁻ ion will replace Cl to make 1-pentanol, while the Cl⁻ ion binds with H⁺ to form HCl. The main product is pentanol, while the by-product is HCl.
