Question

If I turn on a light in a spaceship traveling 1C BACKWARDS, what happens to the photons? Speed -0-, or 1C in opposite direction?

Answer 1

If the spaceship's Physicist happens to be hanging out of one side
of the ship, and he measures the speed of the photons as they pass
him and leave the ship, he'll see them passing him at 'c' ... the speed
of light.

When those photons pass somebody who happens to be in their
path, and he decides to measure their speed, he'll see them move
past him at 'c' ... the speed of light.
 
It doesn't matter whether the observer who measures them is
moving, or at what speed.

And it doesn't matter what source the photons come from, or
whether the source is moving, or at what speed.

And it doesn't matter what the photons' wavelength/frequency is ...
anything from radio to gamma rays.

The photons pass everybody at 'c' ... the speed of light.

Yes, I hear you.  That can't be true. It's crazy.
Maybe it's crazy, but it's true.