Third
every action has an opposite and equal reaction
Answer:
As ice melts into water, kinetic energy is being added to the particles. This causes them to be 'excited' and they break the bonds that hold them together as a solid, resulting in a change of state: solid -> liquid.
Explanation:
As we may know, the change in state of an object is due to the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles.
This average kinetic energy is proportional to the temperature of the particles.
This is because heat is a form of energy; by adding energy to ice - heat, you "excite" the water molecules, breaking the interactions in the lattice structure and forming weaker, looser hydrogen-bonding interactions.
This causes the ice to melt. This is demonstrated in the image below.
More generally, when you remove energy - the object cools down, the particles move a lot slower. So slow, that they individually attract other molecules more than before, and this results in a physical change that also changes the state.
Answer:

Explanation:
P = Power = 50 kW
n = Number of photons per second
h = Planck's constant = 
= Frequency = 781 kHz
r = Distance at which the photon intensity is i = 1 photon/m²
Power is given by

Photon intensity is given by

The distance is 
Every atom has electrons. When you add new electrons to the wire, they will be passed on to an atom. The electrons keep passing from atom to atom until it reaches the light source, basically. It's kinda like that one song "100 jugs of milk" or whatever it's called. Each atom passes the atom next to it an electron.